Abstract: A baffle structure for heat dissipation, mounted on an electric vehicle on top of which a battery pack is mounted, includes a base, a plurality of baffle fins and a mask. The base is connected to the battery pack. The baffle fins are disposed on the base. The baffle fins each have a first end and a second end. The mask covers the baffle fins. The mask includes at least an air inlet and at least an air outlet which correspond in position to the first and second ends, respectively. The baffle structure guides hot air out, takes up no space inside the electric vehicle, dispenses with a need to be connected to any external cooling system, and saves electrical power supplied by the battery pack.

Abstract: An apparatus for current estimation of a DC/DC converter includes a current sensing unit, a signal sampling unit, and a current estimator. The current sensing unit is for sensing a current passing through a switch of the DC/DC converter and converting the current into a voltage signal. The signal sampling unit, coupled to the current sensing unit, is for sampling the voltage signal so as to output a sampled signal. The current estimator, coupled to the signal sampling unit, is for determining a signal indicating estimated magnitude of an inductor current of the DC/DC converter, based on the sampled signal, a scale factor of the current sensing unit, a duty ratio of a driving signal for controlling the switch, an input voltage and an output voltage of the DC/DC converter. An apparatus for current estimation that can further control an averaged current of a DC/DC converter.

Abstract: A battery active-balancing system comprises an external balancing power; a buck converter having a first side-winding and a second side-winding induced thereby, the first side-winding and the second side-winding each having a positive terminal and a negative terminal; a battery comprising series-connected cell-units each having a positive terminal and a negative terminal; a cell voltage-sensing unit coupled to the battery to sense a voltage of each cell unit of the series-connected cell-units; a main switch component coupled to the first side-winding and the battery in an ON state, or coupled to the first side-winding and the external balancing power in an OFF state; a cell-switch unit comprising first cell-switch components and second cell-switch components, wherein each of the first cell-switch components is coupled to the positive terminal of corresponding one cell-unit and the positive terminal of the second side-winding, and each of the second cell-switch components is coupled to the negative terminal of

Abstract: A phase-locked loop method for use in utility electricity parallel-connection system is introduced. The phase-locked loop method comprises a conversion signal generating step, an error calculating step, a frequency correction signal obtaining step, an angle signal obtaining step, and a synchronous signal generating step to not only calculate an error value by detecting a utility electricity voltage, but also reduce or return-to-zero the error value by proportional integral adjustment. With the steps, the phase-locked loop method achieves synchrony precisely by eliminating input utility electricity voltage distortion and frequency variation. Furthermore, the phase-locked loop method advantageously features quick response and a wide frequency range and therefore is effective in tracking power generation facilities, such as a diesel generator, and expanding inverters.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop method for use in utility electricity parallel-connection system is introduced. The phase-locked loop method comprises a conversion signal generating step, an error calculating step, a frequency correction signal obtaining step, an angle signal obtaining step, and a synchronous signal generating step to not only calculate an error value by detecting a utility electricity voltage, but also reduce or return-to-zero the error value by proportional integral adjustment. With the steps, the phase-locked loop method achieves synchrony precisely by eliminating input utility electricity voltage distortion and frequency variation. Furthermore, the phase-locked loop method advantageously features quick response and a wide frequency range and therefore is effective in tracking power generation facilities, such as a diesel generator, and expanding inverters.

Abstract: Electric vehicle range extending apparatus includes a step-down voltage provision unit, cell voltage sensing unit, cell switching unit, and control unit. The step-down voltage provision unit has an input port to be coupled to the main battery pack or an auxiliary battery pack, and an output port to output a power balancing signal. The cell voltage sensing unit is for being coupled to the battery cells and sensing individual voltages of the battery cells. The cell switching unit, including a plurality of switches, is coupled to the battery cells respectively, and coupled to the output port. The control unit, coupled to the cell voltage sensing unit, step-down voltage provision unit, and cell switching unit, is for controlling the cell switching unit based on the individual voltages of the battery cells so as to apply the power balancing signal to at least one of the battery cells selectively.

Abstract: A battery active-balancing system comprises an external balancing power; a buck converter having a first side-winding and second side-winding induced thereby, the first and second side-windings each having positive and negative terminals; a battery comprising series-connected cell-units each having positive and negative terminals; a cell voltage-sensing unit coupled to the battery to sense voltage of the cell-units; a main switch component coupled to first side-winding, battery, and external balancing power, to first side-winding and external balancing power in ON state, and to first side-winding and battery in OFF state; a cell-switch unit comprising first and second cell-switch components, with first cell-switch components coupled to positive terminals of the cell-units and second side-winding, respectively, and second cell-switch components coupled to negative terminals of the cell-units and second side-winding, respectively; and a microcontroller for controlling main switch component and cell-switch unit,

Abstract: A clustered energy-storing micro-grid system includes a renewable energy device, a clustered energy-storing device, an electrical power conversion device and a local controller. Before coordinating and allocating power to a plurality of loads, the clustered energy-storing device stores and releases the power in a centralized manner. This, coupled with the control exercised by the local controller over the electrical power conversion device, controls the micro-grid system in its entirety so that the micro-grid system operates in cost-efficient optimal conditions, under a predetermined system operation strategy, and in a system operation mode.

Abstract: A mixed power supply device includes a power supply component for providing a DC voltage; a DC-DC conversion module coupled to the power supply component to receive the DC voltage and output a stable DC voltage; a current transformation module coupled between the DC-DC conversion module and a load to receive the stable DC voltage and convert the stable DC voltage into an AC voltage; and a merging network switching switch coupled to the current transformation module to connect the current transformation module and a utility power network in parallel or disconnect the current transformation module from the utility power network, allowing a load to receive merging network mode-based power supply or standalone mode-based power supply, wherein, in the merging network mode, the current transformation module performs unbalanced current compensation on load unbalance of the load.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inverter system for energy-storing microgrid and a controlling method thereof, wherein the inverter system for energy-storing microgrid is integrated with a detecting module, a controlling and processing module, a visual resistor algorithmic processor, and a PWM signal generator. Moreover, the controlling and processing module is installed with a power-voltage reducing function and a reactive power-frequency reducing function for making the controlling and processing module be able to properly distribute the intensity and output ratio of all the output currents of the inverters according to the charge states of battery modules and load currents. Therefore, the current supply of each of the parallel connected inverters in the inverter system can be automatically distributed and modulated for effectively providing necessary electric power to each of connected loads, respectively.

Abstract: A power conversion system for controlling harmonics, which uses the Fourier transform analysis to calculate the harmonics element of each current, and adds the harmonics compensation strategy into the control strategy of the DC-AC power converter so as to decrease the harmonics element generated from the actual current.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of detecting the states of a battery involve passing test-oriented charging and discharging pulse pair to a battery under test, and retrieving parameters of the battery, such as voltage, current, and temperature, which respond to the charging and discharging pulse pair, so as to estimate the battery states. The battery states include information pertaining to open-circuit voltage, internal resistance, capacitance, state of charge, and state of health of the battery. The battery state-related information is conducive to quick battery state detection and grading.

Abstract: A grid system conducive to enhancement of power supply performance comprises a plurality of signal regulation devices are jointly connected to a load; the signal regulation devices are each connected to a DC/DC conversion circuit and a DC/AC changing circuit through a power modulation module; an input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit receives a power signal provided by a renewable power module, and then the power modulation module performs loop control on the DC/DC conversion circuit and the DC/AC changing circuit in accordance with the power signal, the load, and/or a power state of utility electricity, such that output power of the grid system maintains high stability and low distortion and attains a satisfactory power adjustment rate at a low cost so as to make good use of all power resources and thus enhance the efficiency of overall power utilization of the grid system.

Abstract: A microgrid troubleshooting method entails, connecting a first trouble simulating unit between a utility electricity and an AC load, wherein an AC end of a second trouble simulating unit connects with the AC load, and a DC end of the second trouble simulating unit connects with a solar power generating unit, an energy-storing unit, a fuel cell unit, and a DC load; switching the second trouble simulating unit to a short-circuit state, measuring a microgrid earth potential rise, short-circuit current of the solar power generating unit, and short-circuit current of the energy-storing unit, and checking whether the microgrid is damaged; and switching the first trouble simulating unit to a short-circuit state, measuring a microgrid earth potential rise, and checking whether the microgrid is damaged. The method is effective in simulating troubles with the microgrid, measuring the microgrid's short-circuit current, and testing whether the microgrid's protection mechanism is functioning well.

Abstract: A bidirectional DC-DC converter applies to a charging and discharging system equipped with a battery and especially to power fluctuations arising from the charging and discharging of the battery. The bidirectional DC-DC converter has a first full-bridge switching unit, transformer, resonance unit, second full-bridge switching unit, and frequency change control module. The first full-bridge switching unit connects with a first DC power source. The transformer has a primary side connected to the first switching unit to receive a power from the first DC power source and has a secondary side connected to the second full-bridge switching unit. The resonance unit connects with the transformer's secondary-side winding and receives power to produce resonance. The second full-bridge switching unit connects with a second DC power source. The frequency change control module instructs the switching units to perform bidirectional buck-boost switching and changes the operating frequency to adjust voltage gain.

Abstract: A power monitor and management system includes an automatic modulation device, a monitoring device, multiple modules and an LAN (local area network) connected to the monitoring device and the modules to enable the monitoring device to communicate with the modules. The automatic modulation device determines a dominating module in according to registration sequences of the modules and subordinating modules and to modulate power of the dominating module and the subordinating modules as well as the overall power output in accordance with number of the modules.

Abstract: A power conversion system for controlling harmonics, which uses the Fourier transform analysis to calculate the harmonics element of each current, and adds the harmonicscompensation strategy into the control strategy of the DC-AC power converter so as to decrease the harmonics element generated from the actual current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inverter system for energy-storing microgrid and a controlling method thereof, wherein the inverter system for energy-storing microgrid is integrated with a detecting module, a controlling and processing module, a visual resistor algorithmic processor, and a PWM signal generator. Moreover, the controlling and processing module is installed with a power-voltage reducing function and a reactive power-frequency reducing function for making the controlling and processing module be able to properly distribute the intensity and output ratio of all the output currents of the inverters according to the charge states of battery modules and load currents. Therefore, the current supply of each of the parallel connected inverters in the inverter system can be automatically distributed and modulated for effectively providing necessary electric power to each of connected loads, respectively.

Abstract: A zero sequence current control apparatus and a zero sequence current control method for parallel power converters are disclosed to overcome the issue of having uniform output power for the parallel operation of a plurality of single module voltage control power converters, and an eCAN BUS acts as a communication interface for transmitting instructions, so that when each of the single module voltage control power converters is operated in the parallel operation, the effect of outputting uniform voltage, current and power can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of creating an anesthetic consciousness index with an artificial neural network includes, obtaining physiological signals, including electroencephalographic signals and eye movement signals, from subjects during a physiological signal monitoring process; filtering noise out of the physiological signals by empirical mode decomposition (EMD); calculating sample entropy values of the noise-removed physiological signals; obtaining sample entropy value sets of the physiological signals; repeating the aforesaid steps to effectuate measurement, noise-filtering, and sample entropy value calculation of the subjects' physiological signals and thus obtain a sample entropy value set; and applying an artificial neural network in conducting regression analysis of the sample entropy value set and a set of levels of consciousness measured with a physiological signal monitor during the physiological signal monitoring process, thereby creating the anesthetic consciousness index model for evaluating the level of consci