Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: A composition for alleviating facial redness containing stem cell-derived exosomes as an active ingredient and a method of reducing facial redness are provided. When a facial skin is treated with the composition for alleviating facial redness containing stem cell-derived exosomes as an active ingredient, the composition exhibits an excellent effect on skin care by reducing the redness of the face and improving the appearance of the face.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for prevention, improvement or treatment of light-derived skin cell damage, a health supplement food composition for prevention or improvement of light-derived skin cell damage and a blue light blocking cosmetic composition, each of which includes Curcuma aromatica Salisb extract and/or Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. Ellipticus extract as effective ingredients, as well as a method for preparing the Curcuma aromatica Salisb extract and the Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. Ellipticus extract. Such compositions may absorb blue light having a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm, so as to protect skin cells from being damaged by blue light.

Abstract: A composition for alleviating facial redness containing stem cell-derived exosomes as an active ingredient and a method of reducing facial redness are provided. When a facial skin is treated with the composition for alleviating facial redness containing stem cell-derived exosomes as an active ingredient, the composition exhibits an excellent effect on skin care by reducing the redness of the face and improving the appearance of the face.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first region and a second region, a first transistor and a second transistor formed in the first region and second region, respectively, wherein the first transistor includes a thick gate insulating layer and a thin buffer insulating layer formed in the substrate, a first gate electrode formed on the thick gate insulating layer, a first spacer formed on the thin buffer insulating layer, and a source region and a drain region formed in the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical apparatus including a display unit, a lens configured to pass an image formed by and transmitted from the display unit, a base configured to accommodate the lens therein, and an adjustment unit configured to move the lens relative to the base so as to adjust a path of light passing through the lens.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting a random access preamble, receiving a random access response as a response of the random access preamble, wherein the random access response comprises an uplink resource assignment and a request for transmission of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), and transmitting the CQI in the uplink resource assignment.

Abstract: An oil cooler includes a pair of spaced inlet/outlet boss portions; an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe coupled to the inlet/outlet boss portions, respectively; and tubes coupled to the inlet/outlet boss portions through both ends thereof to form an oil flow passage. The tubes are disposed in parallel and in a multi-stage arrangement. Each tube has a portion in fluid flow relationship with the neighboring tube at an area between the inlet and outlet pipes so oil can flow between them.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula I, wherein R1 and R2 are ortho or para substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C7-C9 aralkoxy, C2-C7 alkanoyloxy, C1-C6 alkylmercapto, halo and trifluoromethyl; R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, formyl or C2-C7 alkanoyl; n is one of the integers 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and the dotted line represents optional olefinic unsaturation; comprising hydrogenating a compound of formula III, in the presence of a nickel or cobalt catalyst at a temperature of about 5° C. to 25° C.