Abstract: An ink jet method includes a step of adhering ink jet compositions containing colorants and polymerizable compounds to be cured with radioactive rays to a recording medium by one printing operation, and the ink jet compositions includes an orange ink composition and a red ink composition.

Abstract: A vehicular steering apparatus can accurately detect occurrence of a disturbance even where steering torque is limited, and can achieve a low cost and simple construction. The apparatus includes a road surface reaction torque detector that detects an actual road surface reaction torque received by tires of a vehicle from a road surface, a vehicle speed detector that detects a vehicle speed, a steering wheel angle detector that detects a steering angle of a steering wheel, a target road surface reaction torque calculation section that calculates a target road surface reaction torque based on the vehicle speed and the steering wheel angle, and a disturbance occurrence detection section that detects occurrence of a disturbance to the vehicle and outputs a disturbance state signal. The disturbance occurrence detection section includes a sign comparison section that compares signs of the actual and target road surface reaction torques.

Abstract: A vehicular steering apparatus can accurately detect occurrence of a disturbance even where steering torque is limited, and can achieve a low cost and simple construction. The apparatus includes a road surface reaction torque detector that detects an actual road surface reaction torque received by tires of a vehicle from a road surface, a vehicle speed detector that detects a vehicle speed, a steering wheel angle detector that detects a steering angle of a steering wheel, a target road surface reaction torque calculation section that calculates a target road surface reaction torque based on the vehicle speed and the steering wheel angle, and a disturbance occurrence detection section that detects occurrence of a disturbance to the vehicle and outputs a disturbance state signal. The disturbance occurrence detection section includes a sign comparison section that compares signs of the actual and target road surface reaction torques.