Abstract: A density-moisture measuring apparatus includes an NaI scintillator 4 which detects only a gamma ray from a californium 1 which has passed through an object 20, a plastic scintillator 15 for detecting the gamma ray and a fast neutron ray, and a photomultiplier 6 coupled to these scintillators. It can be said that there is a proportional relation between gamma ray data Nc and N.gamma. which have passed through the object 20 detected by the NaI scintillator 4 and the plastic scintillator 15. The gamma ray data and the fast neutron ray data N.gamma. and Nn detected by plastic scintillator 15 are not separated from each other even by a pulse-shape discrimination, but they can be separated by using a relation between gamma ray data Nc detected by the NaI scintillator 4 and the gamma ray data detected by the plastic scintillator 15. Further, since a plastic scintillator 15 is used, handling is easy.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a copper bit cleaner which comprises a casing formed with a bit aperture for allowing the copper bit of a soldering tool to be inserted therethrough, and a plurality of solder residue scraping members having a flexibility and formed into a line, strip, ribbon or band shape. Solder residue scraping member holding means is cased in the casing for holding said solder residue scraping members in a straight, curved or looped shape. Drive means is used for rotationally driving the solder residue scraping member holding means at a high speed so that the solder residue scraping members may slide on the circumference of the copper bit, which is inserted through the bit aperture, at a high speed to scrape off the solder residue thereby to split the scraped solder residue off from the solder residue scraping members by the centrifugal forces thereof.

Abstract: A radiometric analyzer for measuring the characteristic values of a sample by radiation includes a plurality of radiation measuring subsystems having different ratios of sensitivities to the elements of the sample and linearizing circuits having inverse function characteristics of calibration functions (calibration function while varying the density in a constant content ratio of the sample) which correspond to the radiation measuring subsystems and a weighing adder for operating a desirable linear combination of the outputs of the linearizing circuits and operators for operating between two or more different linear combinations.

Abstract: A radiometric analyzer for measuring characteristics of a material by radiation comprises a plurality of systems in which each consists of a radiation source and a radiation detector which are the same in number as the number of elements of the molecule of the material and a linear calibration circuit having inverse response characteristics (calibration curve) of the respective systems of detectors, whereby the measurement is carried out by a four fundamental rules operation of the mutual outputs of said detector system obtained through said linear calibration circuit. One typical embodiment is a radiometric analyzer for hydrocarbons which measures the density of heavy oil, the sulfur content and the calorific value by three detector systems which include a .gamma.-ray source (E.sub..gamma. > 50 KeV), a soft X-ray source (Ex .apprxeq. 20 Kev), and a neutron ray source.