Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate; a transistor on the substrate, the transistor including a semiconductor layer and a gate electrode overlapping the semiconductor layer; an auxiliary wiring on the substrate and including a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer on the first sub-layer, the second sub-layer having a tip protruding from a point at where a bottom surface of the second sub-layer meets a lateral surface of the first sub-layer; an insulating layer on the transistor and having an opening overlapping the auxiliary wiring; and a light-emitting diode including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an intermediate layer, the first electrode being on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the transistor, the second electrode facing the first electrode, and the intermediate layer being between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode directly contacting the lateral surface of the first sub-layer.

Abstract: Triazine ring based polymers for photoinduced liquid crystal alignment introduces photoactive groups for inducing, reinforcing, improving and preserving liquid crystal alignment, for example photoreactor such as cinnamate, coumarin, chalcone and maleimide, as a chain to have at least one photoactive group. One of the photoactive groups can experience Fries rearrangement which induces liquid crystal alignment, and other groups can experience photodimerization, photoisomerization, photocrosslinkng or photodegradation to reinforce, change or preserve the generated alignment.

Abstract: Triazine ring based polymers for photoinduced liquid crystal alignment introduces photoactive groups for inducing, reinforcing, improving and preserving liquid crystal alignment, for example photoreactor such as cinnamate, coumarin, chalcone and maleimide, as a chain to have at least one photoactive group. One of the photoactive groups can experience Fries rearrangement which induces liquid crystal alignment, and other groups can experience photodimerization, photoisomerization, photocrosslinking or photodegradation to reinforce, change or preserve the generated alignment.