Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a cabinet defining a cooking chamber; a first direct-heat source; a second direct-heat source; a convection heat source; and a controller operably coupled to the first heat source, the second heat source, and the convection heat source, the controller configured to perform a coffee roasting operation. The coffee roasting operation includes receiving an input command for the coffee roasting operation; obtaining a predetermined roasting profile among a plurality of roasting profiles in response to receiving the input command; determining a power level of at least one of the first direct-heat source, the second direct-heat source, or the convection heat source according to the obtained roasting profile; and initiating the coffee roasting operation after determining the power level of at least one of the first direct-heat source, the second direct-heat source, or the convection heat source.

Abstract: A hydrogen supply method includes a two-side heat exchange mode in which both introducing a second fluid into a hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with a first fluid in a second heat exchanger in a state in which a compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in a thermal device are performed. The method also includes a one-side heat exchange mode in which one of introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with the first fluid in the second heat exchanger in a state in which the compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in the thermal device is performed.

Abstract: Provided are a vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus and a control method thereof. The vehicle sensor cleaning apparatus includes a liquid sprayer configured to spray washer fluid on at least one sensor arranged in a vehicle, an air sprayer configured to spray air on the at least one sensor, a liquid controller configured to control washer fluid spraying of the liquid sprayer, and an air controller configured to control air spraying of the air sprayer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating cancer comprising administering a Synaptotagmin 11 (SYT11) inhibitor to a subject, a method for diagnosing cancer comprising measuring an expression level of SYT11, and a method for screening a preparation for treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomarker for gastric cancer, CST1 (cysteine proteinase inhibitor, type 2 family), DCC1 (Defective in sister chromatid cohesion homolog 1), IFITM1 (interferon induced transmembrane protein 1) or MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase). More particularly, the present invention relates to a diagnostic composition for gastric cancer comprising an agent measuring the expression level of CST1, DCC1, IFITM1 or MELK, a kit comprising the composition, a method for detecting the marker, and a method for screening a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer using the marker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an inhibitor of the expression or activity of SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2) for preventing or treating cancers. More specifically, since the SH3RF2 protein, of which the expression level increases in various cancer tissues, binds to PAK4, which is a cancer-associated gene, to regulate an apoptosis inhibitory function of the PAK4 protein by ubiquitination activity of SH3RF2 RING domain, cancer cells, in which the expression of SH3RF2 is inhibited, sensitively respond to the induction of apoptosis to promote apoptosis and reduce in vivo tumorigenicity, such that the inhibitor of the expression or activity of SHRF2 can be useful as a composition for preventing or treating cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers using an epigenetic marker consisting of a specific single CpG site in TTP (Tristetraprolin) promoter and treatment of cancers by regulating its epigenetic status. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer by measuring specific methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO. 41, and a method for treatment of cancer by regulating the same. The present invention can be effectively used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of liver cancer characterized by TTP down-regulation and methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO. 41. The present invention can be further applied for the diagnosis and treatment of other cancers or inflammatory diseases that are characterized by TTP down-regulation and methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an inhibitor of the expression or activity of SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2) for preventing or treating cancers. More specifically, since the SH3RF2 protein, of which the expression level increases in various cancer tissues, binds to PAK4, which is a cancer-associated gene, to regulate an apoptosis inhibitory function of the PAK4 protein by ubiquitination activity of SH3RF2 RING domain, cancer cells, in which the expression of SH3RF2 is inhibited, sensitively respond to the induction of apoptosis to promote apoptosis and reduce in vivo tumorigenicity, such that the inhibitor of the expression or activity of SHRF2 can be useful as a composition for preventing or treating cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers using an epigenetic marker consisting of a specific single CpG site in TTP (Tristetraprolin) promoter and treatment of cancers by regulating its epigenetic status. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer by measuring specific methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO. 41, and a method for treatment of cancer by regulating the same. The present invention can be effectively used for the diagnosis and/or treatment of liver cancer characterized by TTP down-regulation and methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO. 41. The present invention can be further applied for the diagnosis and treatment of other cancers or inflammatory diseases that are characterized by TTP down-regulation and methylation of C, the 32nd residue of the nucleic acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID.

Abstract: A high-density optical disc such as a high density-digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) or Blu-ray disc, and a method for reproducing or recording data of the high-density optical disc. The high-density optical disc includes a lead-in area, a data area and a lead-out area. The lead-in area has control information. A minimum mark or space length of the control information recorded in the lead-in area is longer than that of data recorded in the data area. The control information of the lead-in area is copied to the lead-out area. On the basis of the data reproduction or recording method, an optical disc device can correctly read and confirm the control information from the high-density optical disc, minimize the interference between a mark and space in high-density recording data, reduce the effects of scratches or dust on the disc, and efficiently prevent an erroneous data reproduction or recording operation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical disk having a projection that prevents full contact of the upper surface of the disk when engaging a supporting surface. The optical disk includes a projection formed in a central portion of the optical disk that abuts or is near the upper surface of a protecting layer.

Abstract: A high-density read-only optical disc, and an optical disc apparatus and method using the same. The apparatus and method record data on a lead-in area of a high-density read-only optical disc such as a BD-ROM (Blu-ray disc ROM (Read Only Memory)) in the form of pre-pit strings associated with an HFM (High-Frequency Modulated) groove applied to a BD-RW (Blu-ray Disc Rewritable). Moreover, the apparatus and method continuously apply the same tracking servo operation to an entire area of the same high-density read-only optical disc or rewritable optical disc. Therefore, the apparatus and method can simplify an algorithm for controlling a plurality of tracking servo operations, and avoid an increased size of the optical disc apparatus.

Abstract: A high-density recording medium including a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being a light incident surface at a normal mounting condition, a clamping area, an information area including a recording layer provided adjacent to the second surface, a transition area extending between the clamping area and the information area, the transition area being defined from an end position of the clamping area to a beginning of the information area, and a slope being formed in the transition area on the first surface. Further, the slope is formed from the end position of the clamping area to a position placed at least a predetermined distance ahead of the start position of the information area, and a gap as a non-slanted area extends between the information area and a closer end of the slope thereto.

Abstract: A high-density read-only optical disc, and an optical disc apparatus and method using the same. The apparatus and method record data on a lead-in area of a high-density read-only optical disc such as a BD-ROM (Blu-ray disc ROM (Read Only Memory)) in the form of pre-pit strings associated with an HFM (High-Frequency Modulated) groove applied to a BD-RW (Blu-ray Disc Rewritable). Moreover, the apparatus and method continuously apply the same tracking servo operation to an entire area of the same high-density read-only optical disc or rewritable optical disc. Therefore, the apparatus and method can simplify an algorithm for controlling a plurality of tracking servo operations, and avoid an increased size of the optical disc apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density disk that is structured to prevent a collision of an optical pickup's objective lens with the high-density disk if the disk is placed upside down in a disk device that is able to record and reproduce signals to/from the high-density disk. A high-density disk recording medium according to the present invention has a reflecting thin film or label, formed on a surface opposite to a recording surface, to block a beam incident to an inserted disk not to travel up to a lead-in area, which a disk device tries to read first when a disk is placed, in the event that the inserted disk has been misplaced upside down.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a servo-controlling method of an optical disk apparatus. In the present invention, an order on which servo-control manner is sequentially applied is determined in advance based on various depth to respective recording layers of a CD, a DVD, and a high-density DVD, and when a disk is placed a servo-control manner is sequentially selected in the determined order. Therefore, a collusion between a disk and an optical pickup can be prevented for any type of disk.

Abstract: A disc cartridge is provided. The disc cartridge includes: a lower housing having a window for allowing a recorder or reader to access to a read-out surface of a disc; and an upper housing coupled to the lower housing to ejectably receive the disc between the lower housing and the upper housing, and having at least a portion rotatable up and down with respect to one side of the lower housing until the disc can be ejected.

Abstract: A high-density recording medium including a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being a light incident surface at a normal mounting condition, a clamping area, an information area including a recording layer provided adjacent to the second surface, a transition area extending between the clamping area and the information area, the transition area being defined from an end position of the clamping area to a beginning of the information area, and a slope being formed in the transition area on the first surface. Further, the slope is formed from the end position of the clamping area to a position placed at least a predetermined distance ahead of the start position of the information area, and a gap as a non-slanted area extends between the information area and a closer end of the slope thereto.

Abstract: A high-density read-only optical disc, and an optical disc apparatus and method using the same. The apparatus and method record data on a lead-in area of a high-density read-only optical disc such as a BD-ROM (Blu-ray disc ROM (Read Only Memory)) in the form of pre-pit strings associated with an HFM (High-Frequency Modulated) groove applied to a BD-RW (Blu-ray Disc Rewritable). Moreover, the apparatus and method continuously apply the same tracking servo operation to an entire area of the same high-density read-only optical disc or rewritable optical disc. Therefore, the apparatus and method can simplify an algorithm for controlling a plurality of tracking servo operations, and avoid an increased size of the optical disc apparatus.

Abstract: A high-density recording medium, and a recording and/or reproducing device are provided. At a transition area of the high-density recording medium allocated between a clamping area and an information area of the high-density recording medium is formed a step having a prescribed slope so that the high-density recording medium does not collide with an objective lens of an optical pickup provided in an optical disc device although the objective lens of the optical pickup is upwardly moved toward a recording layer of the high-density recording medium.