Abstract: Metal patterns (15) can be provided on a glass substrate (1) in an electroless process by modifying the substrate with a silane layer (3), locally removing said layer with a laser or UV-ozone treatment and selectively nucleating the remaining silane layer in a polymer-stabilized Pd sol. Neither a photoresist nor organic solvents are used. The method is very suitable for the manufacture of the black matrix on a passive plate for an LCD, or on panels of other flat colour displays, such as flat cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: An X-ray examination apparatus (1), including an X-ray source (2) and an X-ray detector (5), is provided with an X-ray filter (6) which is arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The X-ray filter (6) includes a plurality of filter elements (7) whose X-ray absorptivity can be adjusted by adjustment of a quantity of X-ray absorbing liquid (14) within the individual filter elements; a first end of individual filter elements communicates with the X-ray absorbing liquid whereas a second end communicates with an X-ray transparent liquid (12). The X-ray filter is preferably provided with a pressure control system for independent control of the liquid pressure in individual row ducts (11) and individual column ducts (13). Individual filter elements are preferably provided with a piston for separating the X-ray absorbing liquid from the X-ray transparent liquid.

Abstract: An X-ray examination apparatus includes an X-ray source (1) for emitting X-rays. An object to be radiologically examined is arranged in an examination space. An X-ray detector (2) derives an image signal, for example an electronic video signal, from an X-ray image of the object. An X-ray filter locally attenuates the X-rays partly. The X-ray filter is arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector and the X-ray filter is provided with filter elements whose X-ray absorptivity can be adjusted on the basis of an amount of X-ray absorbing liquid present within the individual filter elements.The X-ray examination apparatus includes an X-ray collimator for locally intercepting the X-rays. The X-ray collimator is arranged between the X-ray source and the examination space and is provided with collimator elements which can be switched between an X-ray transmitting state and an X-ray intercepting state.

Abstract: An X-ray apparatus is provided with a filter (12) for limiting the dynamic range of an X-ray image formed on an X-ray detector (4) by exposure of an object (3), for example a patient to be examined, to X-rays (2). The filter (12) has filter elements (13) including one or more capillary tubes (13), one end of which communicates with a reservoir with an X-ray absorbing liquid. The adhesion of the X-ray absorbing liquid to the inner side of the capillary tubes can be adjusted by means of an electric voltage applied to an electrically conductive layer provided on the inner side of the capillary tubes (13). The degree of filling of the capillary tubes (13) with the X-ray absorbing liquid is adjusted by way of the electric voltage value. The X-ray absorption profile is adjusted within a very short period of time, for example within one second, by adjustment of the electric voltages applied to the capillary tubes (13).

Abstract: By virtue of an activating pretreatment with a polymer-stabilized Pd sol, patterns, such as transparent patterns of indium-tin oxide, can be deposited on glass by electroless metallization. For example polyvinyl alcohol is used as the polymer.