Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying whether or not it may be appropriate to administer to a subject a therapy for alleviating any potential consequences which may arise due to the subject having an atrial fibrillation (AF), the method comprising detecting, in a sample of fluid from the subject, a level of ccl21 and/or ddit4 expression and determining whether or not it may be appropriate to administer to the subject a therapy for alleviating any consequences which may arise due to the subject having AF, based upon the ccl21 and/or ddit4 expression level detected. Also provided are an anticoagulant or other AF therapy and a method of administering an anticoagulant drug or another AF therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying whether or not it may be appropriate to administer to a subject a therapy for alleviating any potential consequences which may arise due to the subject having an atrial fibrillation (AF), the method comprising detecting, in a sample of fluid from the subject, a level of ccl21 and/or ddit4 expression and determining whether or not it may be appropriate to administer to the subject a therapy for alleviating any consequences which may arise due to the subject having AF, based upon the ccl21 and/or ddit4 expression level detected. Also provided are an anticoagulant or other AF therapy and a method of administering an anticoagulant drug or another AF therapy.

Abstract: Provided is a method of facilitating the determination of treatment of a subject displaying atrial fibrillation, the method comprising determining a level of pitx2c expression in a sample from the subject and selecting a treatment based upon the level of pitx2c expression. Treatment with a sodium channel blocker may be selected if the level of pitx2c expression is determined to be reduced or below a predetermined threshold. Also provided are an assay system and a kit for use in the methods of the invention.