Abstract: The present disclosure relates to tagged nucleoside-5?-oligophosphates having a positively charged polymer tag structure and components thereof. Such nucleoside-5?-oligophosphates are useful, for example, in nanopore-based sequencing-by-synthesis applications. Also disclosed herein are nanopore constructs engineered to have additional negatively-charged moieties in the channel of the nanopore. Such nanopores can be useful, for example, for providing a repellant force against template and/or primer nucleic acids inserting into the pore during a nucleic sequence-by-synthesis process. The tagged nucleoside-5?-oligophosphates and nanopores disclosed herein can be used together to provide nanopore-based nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis systems and processes having reduced background tag levels and improved throughput.

Abstract: A system and a method for testing the ESD behavior, wherein a circuit (7) is automatically tested at circuit diagram level in that technology-specific ESD data is provided in database (2) for each circuit component present in the circuit, without requiring complex circuit simulations, for example based on front end or back end data, by taking into account the layout.

Abstract: A system and a method for testing the ESD behaviour, wherein a circuit (7) is automatically tested at circuit diagram level in that technology-specific ESD data is provided in database (2) for each circuit component present in the circuit, without requiring complex circuit simulations, for example based on front end or back end data, by taking into account the layout.

Abstract: A method for orienting a parallax barrier screen on a display screen with picture elements x(i,j) in a grid comprising rows i and columns j for the purpose of producing a display screen for three-dimensional representation. This method includes the steps of: temporary application of a positioning marker, observation of the positioning marker by means of a camera, relative orientation of the display screen, removal of the positioning marker, positioning of the parallax barrier screen in front of the picture area of the display screen display of a test picture, which comprises various views, where k=1, . . . , n and n=6 or n=7, on the picture elements x(i,j) with rows i and columns j, observation of the displayed test picture through the parallax barrier screen by the camera, orientation of the parallax barrier screen in front of the display screen.

Abstract: A manually guided implement having a motor unit and a tool unit driven by the motor unit. The motor unit includes an internal combustion engine having a carburetor, and a butterfly valve. A throttle acts upon the butterfly valve via a transfer mechanism. A speed regulator is provided for the internal combustion engine. The transfer mechanism is divided into two transfer portions. The speed regulator is a mechanical speed regulator and is disposed between two transfer portions such that the throttle, via the first transfer portion associated therewith, as well as the speed regulator together act upon the second transfer portion, which is associated with the butterfly valve, whereby as its speed increases, the speed regulator effects a closing of the butterfly valve.

Abstract: A manually guided implement having a motor unit and a tool unit driven by the motor unit. The motor unit includes an internal combustion engine having a carburetor, and a butterfly valve. A throttle acts upon the butterfly valve via a transfer mechanism. A speed regulator is provided for the internal combustion engine. The transfer mechanism is divided into two transfer portions. The speed regulator is a mechanical speed regulator and is disposed between two transfer portions such that the throttle, via the first transfer portion associated therewith, as well as the speed regulator together act upon the second transfer portion, which is associated with the butterfly valve, whereby as its speed increases, the speed regulator effects a closing of the butterfly valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine for a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor-driven chain saw, cutoff machine, brushcutter or the like. A crankcase (4) is formed below the engine cylinder (2). A piston (5) moves up and down in the cylinder (2) and drives a crankshaft (7) rotatably journalled in the crankcase (4). A fuel-containing mixture is supplied via a membrane carburetor (8) to the combustion chamber (3) delimited between the piston (5) and the cylinder (2). A bypass channel (22) is provided parallel thereto and supplies essentially fuel-free air to the combustion chamber (3). The bypass channel (22) opens into a channel segment (21) via a connecting piece (24) fixedly attached to the cylinder (2). The channel segment (21) is formed in the cylinder wall (16). A spark plug (20) and an ignition control device (34) are assigned to the combustion chamber (3).

Abstract: A cylinder is produced of die cast metal and is for a two-stroke engine in a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor chain saw. A combustion chamber (3) is formed in the cylinder (2) and this combustion chamber is delimited by a piston (5). In the cylinder wall (16), there is an outlet (10) for conducting away the combustion gases from the combustion chamber (3). Transfer channels (14a, 14b) are provided which open into the combustion chamber (3) via transfer windows (12, 15) and supply the operating medium from the crankcase (4) needed for operating the two-stroke engine. The transfer channels (14a, 14b) are configured in the cylinder wall (16) as channels opening radially to the outside and are closed by a seated cover (23).

Abstract: A two-stroke engine for a portable two-stroke engine in a portable handheld work apparatus includes a combustion chamber (3) formed in a cylinder (2). The combustion chamber (3) is delimited by the piston (5) which drives the crankshaft (7) via a connecting rod (6). The two-stroke engine includes several transfer channels (14), which, referred to a symmetry plane (49), lie on opposite sides (47, 48) with the plane partitioning approximately the outlet (10). The transfer channels (14) connect the crankcase (4) to the combustion chamber (3). A first end (20) of each transfer channel (14) opens via an entry window (12, 15) into the combustion chamber (3) and the second end (19) of each transfer channel opens to the crankcase (4). Each transfer channel (14) is connected, between its ends (19, 20), to an air channel (22a, 22b) via a membrane valve (21). Air is supplied by the air channel (22a, 22b) via an adjustable throttle (31, 32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine in a portable handheld work apparatus. A combustion chamber (3) is formed in a cylinder (2) and the chamber is delimited by a piston (5). At least one transfer channel (14) is provided which connects the crankcase (4) to the combustion chamber (3). An air channel (22) opens into the transfer channel (14) and this channel supplies essentially fuel-free gas, preferably air. The intake channel (28) of a carburetor (8) is connected to an intake opening (45) in the housing base (41) of the air filter housing (43) upstream of a carburetor throttle flap. The intake channel (28) connects downstream of the carburetor throttle flap to an intake channel (9) to the crankcase (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine for a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor chain saw. The combustion chamber (3), which is configured in a cylinder (2), is delimited by a piston (5) which drives a crankshaft (7) rotatably journalled in a crankcase (4). The crankcase (4) is connected to the combustion chamber (3) via a transfer channel (14). A first end (20) of the transfer channel (14) opens into the combustion chamber (3) via an entry window (12, 15) lying in the cylinder wall (16); whereas, the second end (19) of this transfer channel (14) is open toward the crankcase (4). The transfer channel (14) is connected between its ends (19, 20) to an air channel (22a, 22b) via a check valve (21). The air channel (22a, 22b) supplies essentially fuel-free gas via a throttle (31) having an adjustable throttle element (33). A mixture-preparation device (8) is provided for the air/fuel mixture downstream of an air filter (42) in the flow direction of the combustion air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine for a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor-driven chain saw, cutoff machine, brushcutter or the like. A crankcase (4) is formed below the engine cylinder (2). A piston (5) moves up and down in the cylinder (2) and drives a crankshaft (7) rotatably journalled in the crankcase (4). A fuel-containing mixture is supplied via a membrane carburetor (8) to the combustion chamber (3) delimited between the piston (5) and the cylinder (2). A bypass channel (22) is provided parallel thereto and supplies essentially fuel-free air to the combustion chamber (3). The bypass channel (22) opens into a channel segment (21) via a connecting piece (24) fixedly attached to the cylinder (2). The channel segment (21) is formed in the cylinder wall (16). A spark plug (20) and an ignition control device (34) are assigned to the combustion chamber (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder which can be produced of die cast metal. The cylinder is for a two-stroke engine in a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor chain saw. A combustion chamber (3) is formed in the cylinder (2) and this combustion chamber is delimited by a piston (5). In the cylinder wall (16), there is an outlet (10) for conducting away the combustion gases from the combustion chamber (3). Furthermore, transfer channels (14a, 14b) are provided which open into the combustion chamber (3) via transfer windows (12, 15) and supply the operating medium from the crankcase (4) needed for operating the two-stroke engine. The transfer channels (14a, 14b) are configured in the cylinder wall (16) as channels opening radially to the outside. These channels are closed by a seated cover (23).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine for a portable handheld work apparatus such as a motor chain saw. The combustion chamber (3), which is configured in a cylinder (2), is delimited by a piston (5) which drives a crankshaft (7) rotatably journalled in a crankcase (4). The crankcase (4) is connected to the combustion chamber (3) via a transfer channel (14). A first end (20) of the transfer channel (14) opens into the combustion chamber (3) via an entry window (12, 15) lying in the cylinder wall (16); whereas, the second end (19) of this transfer channel (14) is open toward the crankcase (4). The transfer channel (14) is connected between its ends (19, 20) to an air channel (22a, 22b) via a check valve (21). The air channel (22a, 22b) supplies essentially fuel-free gas via a throttle (31) having an adjustable throttle element (33). A mixture-preparation device (8) is provided for the air/fuel mixture downstream of an air filter (42) in the flow direction of the combustion air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine in a portable handheld work apparatus. A combustion chamber (3) is formed in a cylinder (2) and the chamber is delimited by a piston (5). At least one transfer channel (14) is provided which connects the crankcase (4) to the combustion chamber (3). An air channel (22) opens into the transfer channel (14) and this channel supplies essentially fuel-free gas, preferably air. The intake channel (28) of a carburetor (8) is connected to an intake opening (45) in the housing base (41) of the air filter housing (43) upstream of a carburetor throttle flap. The intake channel (28) connects downstream of the carburetor throttle flap to an intake channel (9) to the crankcase (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine which operates as a drive motor in a portable work apparatus such as a motor-driven chain saw. The two-stroke engine has a combustion chamber (3) which is formed in a cylinder (2) and is delimited by a piston (5) which moves up and down in the cylinder. The piston drives via a connecting rod (6) a crankshaft (7) which rotates in a crankcase (4). The crankcase (4) is connected to the combustion chamber (3) via a transfer channel (14). A first end (20) of the transfer channel (14) opens via an entry window (12) into the combustion chamber (3) and the second end (19) of the transfer channel (14) opens into the crankcase (4). The entry window (12) lies in the cylinder wall (16) and is controlled by the piston (5). The transfer channel (14) is connected to a gas channel (22) between its ends (19, 20). An essentially fuel-free gas flow (40) flows via a check valve (21) from the gas channel (22) and flows into the transfer channel (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke engine having a combustion chamber (3) configured in a cylinder (2). The combustion chamber is delimited by a piston (5) which moves upwardly and downwardly. The crankcase (4) is connected to the combustion chamber (3) via an transfer channel (14). A first end (20) of the transfer channel (14) opens into the combustion chamber (3) via an entry window (12) lying in the cylinder wall (16) and controlled by piston the (5). Between its ends (19, 20), the transfer channel (14) is connected to a gas channel (22) via a valve (21). The gas channel (22) essentially supplies fuel-free gas. The air/fuel mixture, which is necessary for the operation of the two-stroke engine, is supplied to the crankcase (4) via an inlet (11). In order to ensure a full charge of the transfer channel (14) with fuel-free gas, the entry window (12) of the transfer channel (14) is held open to the crankcase (4) in a stroke position of the piston (5) in the region of top dead center.

Abstract: A system for establishing a telephone connection to a portable telephone in a telephone system, comprises a telephone line connected to a base station, a plurality portable telephones each connectable to telephone line via the base station. The base station monitors the telephone line and outputs a trigger signal when it detects ringing at the telephone line. The trigger signal comprises an address or an ID for the address which addresses at least a group of the plurality of telephones whereby the telephones receiving the trigger signal starts ringing. The base station later on outputs an information signal which comprises the same address or ID for the address as the trigger signal and information about the caller, whereby the addressed telephones are provided with the information about the caller. Each of the telephones which are ringing comprises establishing a communication link from the phone to the base station when the telephone is activated as a response to the ringing.