Abstract: Each of one or more unknown compounds are separated from a sample over a separation time period. Separated compounds are ionized, producing one or more compound precursor ions for each of the unknown compounds and a plurality of background precursor ions. A precursor ion mass spectrum is measured for the combined compound and background precursor ions at each time step of a plurality of time steps spread across the separation time period, producing a plurality of precursor ion mass spectra. One or more background precursor ions are selected from the plurality of precursor ion mass spectra that have a resolving power in a range below a threshold expected resolving power. A separation time is detected for an unknown compound when a decrease in an intensity measurement of the selected background precursor ions over a time period exceeds a threshold decrease in intensity with respect to time.

Abstract: Method for separating, detecting, and/or quantifying steroid isomers using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are provided herein. In accordance with various aspects of the applicant's teachings, the method can provide for the separation of racemic or non-racemic mixtures of steroid isomers that may be difficult to separate with conventional techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), including both steroid stereoisomers and constitutional steroid isomers.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for application migration between a dockable device and a docking station in a seamless manner. The dockable device includes a processor and the docking station includes a high-performance processor. The method includes executing at least one application in the dockable device using a first processor, and initiating an application migration for the at least one application from the first processor to a second processor in a docking station responsive to determining that the dockable device is in a docked state, wherein the at least one application continues to execute during the application migration from the first processor to the second processor.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for application migration between a dockable device and a docking station in a seamless manner. The dockable device includes a processor and the docking station includes a high-performance processor. The method includes determining a docking state of a dockable device while at least an application is running. Application migration from the dockable device to a docking station is initiated when the dockable device is moving to a docked state. Application migration from the docking station to the dockable device is initiated when the dockable device is moving to an undocked state. The application continues to run during the application migration from the dockable device to the docking station or during the application migration from the docking station to the dockable device.

Abstract: A plurality of known compounds with known CCS values is analyzed using a DMS device. The DMS device determines how the intensities of their transmitted ions vary with different separation voltages (SVs) and compensation voltages (CVs). A machine learning algorithm builds a data model from the known m/z value, known CCS value, and measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for each of the known compounds. An unknown compound with an unknown CCS value is then analyzed. The DMS device determines how the intensity of its ions varies with the same different SVs and CVs. Finally, the machine learning algorithm predicts the CCS value of the unknown compound from the data model, the known m/z of the unknown compound, and the measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for the unknown compound.

Abstract: A DMS device receives a curtain gas that includes a chemical modifier into its curtain plate. Before or while receiving ions of an analyte, the DMS device steps the CoV through a series of values in order to apply different CoV values to at least one precursor ion derived from the chemical modifier. For each CoV value of the series of values, a mass spectrometer selects and mass analyzes the at least one precursor ion. An intensity is produced for each CoV value of the series of values. An intensity versus CoV value peak is calculated from the intensities measured. A representative CoV value is calculated for the peak. The difference between the representative CoV value and known CoV values that represent an uncontaminated curtain plate is calculated. If the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the curtain plate is determined to be contaminated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for utilizing an ion mobility cell to improve desolvation prior to interaction with a hydrogen-deuterium exchange reagent, thereby improving the accuracy of the HDX data generated by MS and reducing the effects of conformational changes that can occur with increased temperatures.

Abstract: A plurality of known compounds with known CCS values is analyzed using a DMS device. The DMS device determines how the intensities of their transmitted ions vary with different separation voltages (SVs) and compensation voltages (CVs). A machine learning algorithm builds a data model from the known m/z value, known CCS value, and measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for each of the known compounds. An unknown compound with an unknown CCS value is then analyzed. The DMS device determines how the intensity of its ions varies with the same different SVs and CVs. Finally, the machine learning algorithm predicts the CCS value of the unknown compound from the data model, the known m/z of the unknown compound, and the measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for the unknown compound.

Abstract: A plurality of known compounds with known CCS values is analyzed using a DMS device. The DMS device determines how the intensities of their transmitted ions vary with different separation voltages (SVs) and compensation voltages (CVs). A machine learning algorithm builds a data model from the known m/z value, known CCS value, and measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for each of the known compounds. An unknown compound with an unknown CCS value is then analyzed. The DMS device determines how the intensity of its ions varies with the same different SVs and CVs. Finally, the machine learning algorithm predicts the CCS value of the unknown compound from the data model, the known m/z of the unknown compound, and the measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for the unknown compound.

Abstract: Each of one or more unknown compounds are separated from a sample over a separation time period. Separated compounds are ionized, producing one or more compound precursor ions for each of the unknown compounds and a plurality of background precursor ions. A precursor ion mass spectrum is measured for the combined compound and background precursor ions at each time step of a plurality of time steps spread across the separation time period, producing a plurality of precursor ion mass spectra. One or more background precursor ions are selected from the plurality of precursor ion mass spectra that have a resolving power in a range below a threshold expected resolving power. A separation time is detected for an unknown compound when a decrease in an intensity measurement of the selected background precursor ions over a time period exceeds a threshold decrease in intensity with respect to time.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for application migration between a dockable device and a docking station in a seamless manner. The dockable device includes a processor and the docking station includes a high-performance processor. The method includes determining a docking state of a dockable device while at least an application is running. Application migration from the dockable device to a docking station is initiated when the dockable device is moving to a docked state. Application migration from the docking station to the dockable device is initiated when the dockable device is moving to an undocked state. The application continues to run during the application migration from the dockable device to the docking station or during the application migration from the docking station to the dockable device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating, detecting, and/or quantifying sample enantiomers using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are provided herein. In accordance with various aspects of the applicant's teachings, the methods and systems can provide for the separation of racemic or non-racemic mixtures of sample enantiomers that may be difficult to separate with conventional techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), by reacting the sample enantiomers with an enantiomerically-pure compound to form diastereomers separable by DMS.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for application migration between a dockable device and a docking station in a seamless manner. The dockable device includes a processor and the docking station includes a high-performance processor. The method includes determining a docking state of a dockable device while at least an application is running. Application migration from the dockable device to a docking station is initiated when the dockable device is moving to a docked state. Application migration from the docking station to the dockable device is initiated when the dockable device is moving to an undocked state. The application continues to run during the application migration from the dockable device to the docking station or during the application migration from the docking station to the dockable device.

Abstract: A plurality of known compounds with known CCS values is analyzed using a DMS device. The DMS device determines how the intensities of their transmitted ions vary with different separation voltages (SVs) and compensation voltages (CVs). A machine learning algorithm builds a data model from the known m/z value, known CCS value, and measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for each of the known compounds. An unknown compound with an unknown CCS value is then analyzed. The DMS device determines how the intensity of its ions varies with the same different SVs and CVs. Finally, the machine learning algorithm predicts the CCS value of the unknown compound from the data model, the known m/z of the unknown compound, and the measured pairs of CV and SV values that provide optimal transmission through the DMS device for the unknown compound.

Abstract: A method and system for directing image rendering, implemented in a computer system including a plurality of processors includes determining one or more processors in the system on which to execute one or more commands. A graphics processing unit (GPU) control application program interface (API) determines one or more processors in the system on which to execute one or more commands. A signal is transmitted to each of the one or more processors indicating which of the one or more commands are to be executed by that processor. The one or more processors execute their respective command. A request is transmitted to each of the one or more processors to transfer information to one another once processing is complete, and an image is rendered based upon the processed information by at least one processor and the received transferred information from at least another processor.

Abstract: A method and system for directing image rendering, implemented in a computer system including a plurality of processors includes determining one or more processors in the system on which to execute one or more commands. A graphics processing unit (GPU) control application program interface (API) determines one or more processors in the system on which to execute one or more commands. A signal is transmitted to each of the one or more processors indicating which of the one or more commands are to be executed by that processor. The one or more processors execute their respective command. A request is transmitted to each of the one or more processors to transfer information to one another once processing is complete, and an image is rendered based upon the processed information by at least one processor and the received transferred information from at least another processor.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of performing mass spectrometry is disclosed, which comprises forming at least two adduct ions of a molecular species in a sample, wherein said adduct ions comprise at least two different isotopes (e.g., the naturally occurring isotopes) of any of sodium and potassium, subjecting the adduct ions to Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics (EIEIO) fragmentation to generate a plurality of fragment product ions, and using a mass analyzer to generate a mass spectrum of said product ions. The mass spectrum of the product ions can be analyzed to identify the parent ion. By way of example, the analysis of the mass spectrum can involve utilizing a reference library that contains mass spectral information regarding electron induced ionization of a plurality of reference compounds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing samples using mass spectrometry are disclosed. The apparatus includes a reaction device configured to dissociate sample ions into fragments by reacting the sample ions with a charged species (e.g., electrons) such as through ECD, EID, or EIEIO. The kinetic energy of the charged species is such that the fragments may be detected and produce spectra that allow for the determination of isomeric species in the sample and the location of double bonds and/or the orientation of those double bonds within the sample molecules. The fragments may include radical fragments and non-radical fragments. Spectra resulting from analysis of the fragments may allow for the determination of the oxygen-radical fragments resulting from the dissociation of the sample molecules as confirmation of the presence of those radical fragments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing samples using mass spectrometry are disclosed. The apparatus includes a reaction device configured to dissociate sample ions into fragments by reacting the sample ions with a charged species (e.g., electrons) such as through ECD, EID, or EIEIO. The kinetic energy of the charged species is such that the fragments may be detected and produce spectra that allow for the determination of isomeric species in the sample and the location of double bonds and/or the orientation of those double bonds within the sample molecules. The fragments may include radical fragments and non-radical fragments. Spectra resulting from analysis of the fragments may allow for the determination of the oxygen-radical fragments resulting from the dissociation of the sample molecules as confirmation of the presence of those radical fragments.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for application migration between a dockable device and a docking station in a seamless manner. The dockable device includes a processor and the docking station includes a high-performance processor. The method includes determining a docking state of a dockable device while at least an application is running. Application migration from the dockable device to a docking station is initiated when the dockable device is moving to a docked state. Application migration from the docking station to the dockable device is initiated when the dockable device is moving to an undocked state. The application continues to run during the application migration from the dockable device to the docking station or during the application migration from the docking station to the dockable device.