Abstract: An SMS-based dual mode content subscription system is disclosed. A first broadcast message associated with a subscription content source is received. A set of destination SMS addresses is determined, each destination SMS address associated with a different subscription to the subscription content source and corresponding to a different mobile device. An SMS message that includes the first broadcast message is sent to each destination SMS address, the SMS message identifying a same first sender SMS address. A reply SMS message is received from a first mobile device of a plurality of mobile devices, the reply SMS message being directed to the first sender SMS address and not being distributed to any other mobile device of the plurality of mobile devices. In response to the reply SMS message, a second SMS message that includes a first subscriber message is sent to only the first mobile device.

Abstract: An aortic annuloplasty ring may include a ring, having a “C” shape. The ring may be so sized as to fit around and circumferentially engage an aortic root. The ring may be formed at least in part of a biocompatible material so nonresiliently deformable as to permit manual adjustment of the ring. An aortic annuloplasty method may include disposing an aortic annuloplasty ring around an aorta root, the ring having a “C” shape, and the ring being so sized as to fit around and circumferentially engage the aortic root; and deforming the ring to circumferentially engage the aortic root.

Abstract: A method of cardioscopy may include creating a primary heart bypass circuit for perfusing an organism, creating a secondary circuit for perfusing the heart of the organism with a non-observation-impairing pumping medium, and observing the heart through the secondary circuit. A cardioscopy apparatus may include a primary heart bypass circuit for perfusing an organism, a secondary circuit for perfusing the heart of the organism with a non-observation-impairing pumping medium, and an observation device for observing the heart through the secondary circuit.