Abstract: A multiplicity of applications of the CellSpot™ assay method are described. Among these applications are extension to integral membrane protein probes, extension to secretion from bacterial cells, identification of antibodies with enhanced affinity, identification of clones with increased secretion levels, and use of massively parallel screening to identify rare efficacious antibodies.

Abstract: Intermolecular binding can be detected by formation of a “paratope” which results in an immediate generation of a signal. The substances to be tested for interaction are bound to demitopes, wherein said demitopes are components of a paratope which binds a reporter which provides said signal when bound. Known interactions measured in this way can also be employed to screen for compounds which interfere with the interactions. In addition to testing for individual interactions, the interaction of a compound with a library or library×library interactions can also be determined and the effect of potentially interfering substances evaluated.

Abstract: Assays for detecting the presence and activity of cell-signaling components. These assays include luminescence polarization assays for detecting cell-signaling nucleotides and modulators of receptors and enzymes related to the generation and activity of such nucleotides.

Abstract: Homogeneous assays wherein an unlabeled analyte is detected by displacing a more weakly binding tracer from a binding partner are described. The tracer has signal generating properties which differ when bound or unbound to the binding partner.

Abstract: New applications for the use of distinguishable particulate labels available in a variety of hues and sized in the submicron range are described. These applications include profiling of cellular components, obtaining secretion patterns, identifying a multiplicity of components in chromatographic or electrophoretic techniques and identification of desired immunoglobulin secreting cells.

Abstract: Methods to identify proteins useful as translocation markers employ fusions of these proteins with common epitopes. An improved method for shotgun cloning employs pre-identified particulate labeled members of nucleic acid libraries. Methods to identify proteins useful as translocation markers employ fusions of these pre-identified particulate labeled members of nucleic acid libraries. An improved method for reporter gene assays employs parallel detection of multiple reporters using distinguishable particulate or antigenic labels coupled to specific detection agents for each reporter.

Abstract: Compounds having immunomodulating activity are identified using a methodology which employs TER14687, TER10311 and/or TER17210 as standards. The effect candidate compounds have on PKC-theta interaction with cognate binding proteins is measured and compared with the standards. The interaction can be measured by a variety of techniques, including assessing translocation of said PKC-theta or fragment. Kits containing the TER14687, TER10311 and/or TER17210 standards are disclosed. TER14687, TER10311 and/or TER17210 are useful in modulating the immune system in a subject by reducing T-cell activity. TER14687, TER10311, TER17210 are used as leads to develop other compounds having immunomodulating activity.