Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing antibodies of desired specificity. In particular, the method involves immunizing a subject animal with the chosen antigen following prior stimulation of the non-human animal's B cells. The prior stimulation may be accomplished, e.g., by immunization with a first antigen which is different from the second antigen. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the animal is a transgenic animal containing a human immunoglobulin gene, such as a transgenic mouse.

Abstract: A pour spout for a carton is formed from the carton material in two superimposed panels. The outermost panel has an opening and a tab member, the first end of which is connected to the remainder of the panel at a fold line. The second or opposite end of the tab member is part of the perimeter of the opening. The first and second ends of the tab member are defined by parallel rows of perforations. The inner panel includes a tab member which is aligned with the first tab member. A pair of wing members extend from fold lines at opposite side edges of the inner tab member. The wing members may have an arcuate edge and may include a projection which will limit pivotal movement of the spout formed by the tab members and wing members. The superimposed panels may be overlapping side panels, overlapping top panels, or a combination of side panels and top panels having extensions which overlap the side panels. In one embodiment, a separate insert serves as the innermost panel.

Abstract: A carton includes an integral pour spout formed in the top wall. A pivotable tab with flanking wing members is formed in an innermost top panel. A second top panel having an opening aligned with the tab is superimposed on the innermost panel. An outer top panel includes a tear strip which is completely or partially removable and which overlies the aligned opening and tab. When the tear strip has been at least partially removed to expose the aligned tab and opening, the tab can be pulled outwardly as the wing members fold inward to form the floor and side walls, respectively, of an integral spout. In one embodiment, a partially removable tear strip includes a small tuck flap which can be inserted through aligned openings in the inner panels to re-close the carton.

Abstract: A tear out opening member or flap for use with paperboard cartons and the like comprises a paperboard substrate having an upper surface and an opposed lower or undersurface. The substrate includes a first cut portion disposed on the upper substrate surface and penetrating the upper surface to a point intermediate the thickness of the substrate. A second cut portion is disposed on the undersurface of the substrate, the second cut being spaced apart from the first cut and enveloping the first cut. Alternatively the disposition of first and second cuts may be reversed such that the first cut envelopes the second cut. The second cut penetrates the undersurface to a point intermediate the thickness of the substrate. Spaced apart reinforcement hinge members are disposed along the second cut at a predetermined angle thereto.