Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of transmit beamforming, which allows compact analog implementation of complex digital algorithms without compromising their features. It is aimed to support envelope shaping, apodization, and phase rotation per channel and per firing. Each of three embodiments represents a complete transmit channel driven by pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms stored in a conventional sequence memory. PWM signals controls the transmit pulse envelope (shape) by changing the duty cycle of the carrier. Beamformation data are loaded prior to a firing via serial interface. Under the direction of a controller, the circuitry allows high precision (beyond sampling rate) phase rotation of the carrier. It also provides transmit apodization (aperture weighting), which maintains an optimal trade-off among low sidelobe level and widening of the mainlobe. Implementing such an IC, the manufacturing cost of a high-end ultrasound system can be reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to medical ultrasonic imaging systems and, in particular, phased array imaging systems operating in different scan formats and imaging modalities. More specifically, the invention relates to the front-end processing of ultrasonic echoes.

Abstract: A method of transducer excitation in medical ultrasound imaging. Based on a stepped approximation of Gaussian modulated cosines, the transmit waveform provides bandlimited spectrum and low level of second order harmonics while retaining the duration of the transmitting within two carrier cycles. The waveform is constructed as a linear composition of four unipolar, rectangle pulses of unity amplitude. Furthermore, the described embodiment supports digitally controlled transmit apodization and focusing.

Abstract: A low noise variable gain amplifier and method for processing received signals in an ultrasound medical imaging system is disclosed. Unlike solutions known from the prior art, the signals are amplified by a binary-coded gain amplifier having its amplification factor progressively increased during the penetration of the transmitted pulse into a patient's body. This allows enhancing both the system dynamic range and Signal to Noise Ratio.

Abstract: A low noise variable gain amplifier and method for processing received signals in an ultrasound medical imaging system is disclosed. Unlike solutions known from the prior art, the signals are amplified by a binary-coded gain amplifier having its amplification factor progressively increased during the penetration of the transmitted pulse into a patient's body. This allows enhancing both the system dynamic range and Signal to Noise Ratio.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of transmit beamforming, which allows compact analog implementation of complex digital algorithms without compromising their features. It is aimed to support envelope shaping, apodization, and phase rotation per channel and per firing. Each of three embodiments represents a complete transmit channel driven by pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms stored in a conventional sequence memory. PWM signals controls the transmit pulse envelope (shape) by changing the duty cycle of the carrier. Beamformation data are loaded prior to a firing via serial interface. Under the direction of a controller, the circuitry allows high precision (beyond sampling rate) phase rotation of the carrier. It also provides transmit apodization (aperture weighting), which maintains an optimal trade-off among low sidelobe level and widening of the mainlobe. Implementing such an IC, the manufacturing cost of a high-end ultrasound system can be reduced.

Abstract: A low noise variable gain amplifier and method for processing received signals in an ultrasound medical imaging system is disclosed. Unlike solutions known from the prior art, the signals are amplified by a binary-coded gain amplifier having its amplification factor progressively increased during the penetration of the transmitted pulse into a patient's body. This allows enhancing both the system dynamic range and Signal to Noise Ratio.

Abstract: An ultrasonic low-noise analog beamformer for Doppler acquisition achieves high sensitivity by translating the frequency of the ultrasound echoes to an intermediate frequency, which is well above of the 1/f corner. This is accomplished by beamforming the downconverted RF signals instead of using their baseband representation. The baseband conversion, succeeding the beamformation, also incorporates the steps of clutter filtering and anti-aliasing. The invention is particularly suitable for low-voltage process technologies that support broadband applications.

Abstract: A method of transducer excitation in medical ultrasound imaging. Based on a stepped approximation of Gaussian modulated cosines, the transmit waveform provides bandlimited spectrum and low level of second order harmonics while retaining the duration of the transmitting within two carrier cycles. The waveform is constructed as a linear composition of four unipolar, rectangle pulses of unity amplitude. Furthermore, the described embodiment supports digitally controlled transmit apodization and focusing.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of transmit beamforming, which allows compact analog implementation of complex digital algorithms without compromising their features. It is aimed to support envelope shaping, apodization, and phase rotation per channel and per firing. Each of three embodiments represents a complete transmit channel driven by pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms stored in a conventional sequence memory. PWM signals controls the transmit pulse envelope (shape) by changing the duty cycle of the carrier. Beamformation data are loaded prior to a firing via serial interface. Under the direction of a controller, the circuitry allows high precision (beyond sampling rate) phase rotation of the carrier. It also provides transmit apodization (aperture weighting), which maintains an optimal trade-off among low sidelobe level and widening of the mainlobe. Implementing such an IC, the manufacturing cost of a high-end ultrasound system can be reduced.

Abstract: An ultrasonic low-noise analog beamformer for Doppler acquisition achieves high sensitivity by translating the frequency of the ultrasound echoes to an intermediate frequency, which is well above of the 1/f corner. This is accomplished by beamforming the downconverted RF signals instead of using their baseband representation. The baseband conversion, succeeding the beamformation, also incorporates the steps of clutter filtering and anti-aliasing. The invention is particularly suitable for low-voltage process technologies that support broadband applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method of transmit beamforming, which allows compact analog implementation of complex digital algorithms without compromising their features. It is aimed to support envelope shaping, apodization, and phase rotation per channel and per firing. Each of three embodiments represents a complete transmit channel driven by pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms stored in a conventional sequence memory. PWM signals controls the transmit pulse envelope (shape) by changing the duty cycle of the carrier. Beamformation data are loaded prior to a firing via serial interface. Under the direction of a controller, the circuitry allows high precision (beyond sampling rate) phase rotation of the carrier. It also provides transmit apodization (aperture weighting), which maintains an optimal trade-off among low sidelobe level and widening of the mainlobe. Implementing such an IC, the manufacturing cost of a high-end ultrasound system can be reduced.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter with differential outputs is connected to two difference amplifiers through current splitters. The current splitters isolate the compliance voltage of the digital-to-analog converter so that larger resistances may be used with the difference amplifiers. The larger resistances allow for better signal-to-noise ratio performance of the transmit circuit. The difference amplifiers provide current signals to a push-pull output amplifier through their supply nodes. A single scaling resistor connects between the conventional outputs of two differential amplifiers to reduce mismatching between the positive and negative waveform paths. As a result of the feedback between the two difference amplifiers, a lower level of subharmonic and/or harmonic distortion products is achieved.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter with differential outputs is connected to two difference amplifiers through current splitters. The current splitters isolate the compliance voltage of the digital-to-analog converter so that larger resistances may be used with the difference amplifiers. The larger resistances allow for better signal-to-noise ratio performance of the transmit circuit. The difference amplifiers provide current signals to a push-pull output amplifier through their supply nodes. A single scaling resistor connects between the conventional outputs of two differential amplifiers to reduce mismatching between the positive and negative waveform paths. As a result of the feedback between the two difference amplifiers, a lower level of subharmonic and/or harmonic distortion products is achieved.

Abstract: A system and method of processing received signals in an ultrasound imaging system is disclosed. In the system, the received signals are amplified by means of a gain controlled amplifier, and the gain of the amplifier is varied, by varying the load capacitance, as a function of depth (time) to compensate for the attenuation of ultrasonic energy at different depths within a patient's body.

Abstract: A two level power supply and method are provided for ultrasound transmission. A coupling capacitor is provided between a high voltage source and a low voltage source. The coupling capacitor provides direct current restoration for a two level power supply selector connected with an ultrasound transmit array. For example, a clamping circuit, including a capacitor and a diode, is provided between the high voltage and the low voltage sources. The high voltage source connects as a power supply to a pulser. Control signals are provided to the pulser to switch the output between the high voltage and ground depending on the type of ultrasound signal being transmitted. A voltage rail of the transmit array connects with the clamp circuit and receives a low voltage for CW Doppler mode imaging and a high voltage for B-mode imaging. This low cost circuitry may simplify and improve the delivery of high voltage in a two or more level power supply selection in ultrasound imaging.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter that outputs positive and negative portions of the desired bi-polar waveform as a representative unipolar waveform (e.g. absolute value of the bi-polar waveform) is connected to a switch. The switch selects between current driver paths as a function of the positive or negative polarity of the desired bi-polar waveform. The current drivers feed a push-pull output amplifier to generate the bi-polar ultrasound waveform. Alternatively, a digital-to-analog converter with differential outputs is connected to two difference amplifiers. The difference amplifiers provide current signals to the push-pull output amplifier through their supply nodes. A single scaling resistor connects between the conventional outputs of two differential amplifiers to reduce mismatching between the positive and negative waveform paths. As a result of the feedback between the two difference amplifiers, a lower level of even harmonic distortion products is achieved.

Abstract: A three-state, pulse width modulated, bipolar waveform is constructed by summing a first component with an inverted, time-shifted version of the first component. By properly selecting the time interval for the time shift of the second component, frequency filtering benefits can be obtained. The three-state waveform is generated by a switched voltage source that provides a low, constant source impedance for all three voltage states.