Abstract: Methods and apparatus to route control packets based on address partitioning. A disclosed example method includes receiving a packet in a server, determining the packet is a control packet, forwarding the packet to a processor, identifying via the processor an address prefix of the packet, accessing a forwarding table and determining via the processor at least one of a router or an outgoing interface that corresponds to the identified address prefix, transmitting the packet from the processor to the server via the outgoing interface, and statically forwarding the packet from the server to the router based on an interface that received the packet from the processor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to route packets in a network are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a packet in a packet aggregator, accessing a forwarding table to determine a router within a router array to which the packet is to be forwarded, transmitting the packet to the determined router via a first interface of the packet aggregator, identifying a second interface within the router to which the packet is to be forwarded, forwarding the packet from the router via the second interface to a virtual interface within the packet aggregator, and statically forwarding the packet from the packet aggregator to a destination based on the virtual interface that received the packet.

Abstract: Example methods disclosed herein include, in response to receiving, at a server, a first control packet from a first router, selecting a first auxiliary router to forward the first control packet, and updating a forwarding table in the first router to associate a destination address of the first control packet with a first control path from the first router to the first auxiliary router, the forwarding table initially causing the first control packet to be routed from the physical router to the server, the first control path being determined by routing the first control packet from the first router to the first auxiliary router through the server, the updating of the forwarding table to cause subsequent data packets associated with the first control packet to be forwarded from the first router to the first auxiliary router via the first control path without being routed through the server.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to distribute network IP traffic are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a first IP control packet at an input of a first server, the first IP control packet being received from a first router, selecting a second router within a router array associated with the first router to send the first IP control packet, the first server selecting the second router by matching a destination IP address of the first IP control packet to a first IP address subspace associated with the second router, transmitting the first IP control packet to the second router, and updating a forwarding table in the first router by associating the destination IP address of the first IP control packet with a first control path from the first router to the second router.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to route packets in a network are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a packet in a packet aggregator, accessing a forwarding table to determine a router within a router array to which the packet is to be forwarded, transmitting the packet to the determined router via a first interface of the packet aggregator, identifying a second interface within the router to which the packet is to be forwarded, forwarding the packet from the router via the second interface to a virtual interface within the packet aggregator, and statically forwarding the packet from the packet aggregator to a destination based on the virtual interface that received the packet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to route control packets based on address partitioning. A disclosed example method includes receiving a packet in a server, determining the packet is a control packet, forwarding the packet to a processor, identifying via the processor an address prefix of the packet, accessing a forwarding table and determining via the processor at least one of a router or an outgoing interface that corresponds to the identified address prefix, transmitting the packet from the processor to the server via the outgoing interface, and statically forwarding the packet from the server to the router based on an interface that received the packet from the processor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer-readable media for sampling network traffic. The method includes receiving a desired quantity of flow record to sample, receiving a plurality of network flow record each summarizing a network flow of packets, calculating a hash for each flow record of based on one or more invariant part of a respective flow, generating a quasi-random number from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, generating a priority from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, and sampling exactly the desired quantity of flow records, selecting flow records having a highest priority first. In one aspect, the method further partitions the plurality of flow records into groups based on flow origin and destination, generates an individual priority for each partitioned group, and separately samples exactly the desired quantity of flow records from each partitioned group, selecting flows having a highest individual priority first.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to deploy and monitor network layer functionalities are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving an Internet Protocol (IP) packet at an input of a server, the IP packet being received from a communicatively coupled router, identifying the IP packet as a production IP packet or a non-production IP packets, when the IP packet is the non-production IP packet, manipulating data within the IP packet to monitor network layer functionality, forwarding the manipulated non-production IP packet to the router, and when the IP packet is the production IP packet, forwarding the production IP packet to the router without manipulating data within the IP packet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer-readable media for sampling network traffic. The method includes receiving a plurality of flow records, calculating a hash for each flow record based on one or more invariant part of a respective flow, generating a quasi-random number from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, and sampling flow records having a quasi-random number below a probability P. Invariant parts of flow records include destination IP address, source IP address, TCP/UDP port numbers, TCP flags, and network protocol. A plurality of routers can uniformly calculate hashes for flow records. Each router in a plurality of routers can generate a same quasi-random number for each respective flow record and uses different values for probability P. The probability P can depend on a flow size. The method can divide the quasi-random number by a maximum possible hash value.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to monitor network layer functionalities are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a first probe packet at an input of a first server, the first probe packet being received from a router, the first probe packet being generated and transmitted from a second server that is one-hop away from the first server in a network, determining if the first server is a final destination of the first probe packet, and if the first server is not the final destination of the first probe packet, generating a second probe packet and transmitting the second probe packet to the router for transmission toward the final destination.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer-readable media for sampling network traffic. The method includes receiving a desired quantity of flow record to sample, receiving a plurality of network flow record each summarizing a network flow of packets, calculating a hash for each flow record of based on one or more invariant part of a respective flow, generating a quasi-random number from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, generating a priority from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, and sampling exactly the desired quantity of flow records, selecting flow records having a highest priority first. In one aspect, the method further partitions the plurality of flow records into groups based on flow origin and destination, generates an individual priority for each partitioned group, and separately samples exactly the desired quantity of flow records from each partitioned group, selecting flows having a highest individual priority first.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer-readable media for sampling network traffic. The method includes receiving a plurality of flow records, calculating a hash for each flow record based on one or more invariant part of a respective flow, generating a quasi-random number from the calculated hash for each respective flow record, and sampling flow records having a quasi-random number below a probability P. Invariant parts of flow records include destination IP address, source IP address, TCP/UDP port numbers, TCP flags, and network protocol. A plurality of routers can uniformly calculate hashes for flow records. Each router in a plurality of routers can generate a same quasi-random number for each respective flow record and uses different values for probability P. The probability P can depend on a flow size. The method can divide the quasi-random number by a maximum possible hash value.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to distribute network IP traffic are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a first IP control packet at an input of a first server, the first IP control packet being received from a first router, selecting a second router within a router array associated with the first router to send the first IP control packet, the first server selecting the second router by matching a destination IP address of the first IP control packet to a first IP address subspace associated with the second router, transmitting the first IP control packet to the second router, and updating a forwarding table in the first router by associating the destination IP address of the first IP control packet with a first control path from the first router to the second router.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to monitor network layer functionalities are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a first probe packet at an input of a first server, the first probe packet being received from a router, the first probe packet being generated and transmitted from a second server that is one-hop away from the first server in a network, determining if the first server is a final destination of the first probe packet, and if the first server is not the final destination of the first probe packet, generating a second probe packet and transmitting the second probe packet to the router for transmission toward the final destination.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to deploy and monitor network layer functionalities are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving an Internet Protocol (IP) packet at an input of a server, the IP packet being received from a communicatively coupled router, identifying the IP packet as a production IP packet or a non-production IP packets, when the IP packet is the non-production IP packet, manipulating data within the IP packet to monitor network layer functionality, forwarding the manipulated non-production IP packet to the router, and when the IP packet is the production IP packet, forwarding the production IP packet to the router without manipulating data within the IP packet.