Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: A composition and method for killing insect larvae, in particular, fly larvae, in poultry houses, manure piles, or other sites of habitation are disclosed. The composition consists of one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 aliphatic carboxylic acids or alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary ammonium salts in an acceptable formulation for larvacides. The formulation may be applied dry, as an aerosol, or in aqueous or organic solvents.

Abstract: This invention discloses edible formulations and pharmaceutical compositions containing D-tagatose and the effect of consumption of such formulations on blood level of glucose. D-Tagatose was found to be an anti-hyperglycemic agent. In addition, consumption of D-tagatose in sweetened formulations to inhibit formation of advanced glycosylation end-products in mammals is disclosed. The combination of the anti-hyperglycemic effect and the inhibition of formation of glycosylated proteins and nucleic acids make D-tagatose an ideal agent for alleviating the complications resulting from hyperglycemia, including acceleration of the aging process.

Abstract: This invention discloses the usefulness of D-tagatose as a treatment for hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and the inhibition of formation of advanced glycosylation end-products associated with the aging process.This invention discloses edible formulations and pharmaceutical compositions containing D-tagatose and the effect of consumption of such formulations on blood level of glucose. D-Tagatose was found to be an anti-hyperglycemic agent. In addition, consumption of D-tagatose in sweetened formulations to inhibit formation of advanced glycosylation end-products in mammals is disclosed. The combination of the anti-hyperglycemic effect and the inhibition of formation of glycosylated proteins and nucleic acids make D-tagatose an ideal agent for alleviating the complications resulting from hyperglycemia, including acceleration of the aging process.

Abstract: Free flowing, substantially pure, non-hygroscopic crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose is disclosed. This crystalline form of L-gulose is characterized by a sharp melting point of 130.degree.-132.degree. C., a specific optical rotation of +40.degree., characteristic mutarotation, a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and a characteristic infrared spectrum. A method for preparation of crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose from L-gulose syrup is also disclosed. This method involves dilution of the L-gulose syrup, followed by initiation of crystallization, and isolation of .beta.-L-gulopyranose crystals. Crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose may be used as an alternative non-caloric or reduced caloric sweetener which substitutes for sucrose or dextrose in commercial dry prepared mixes for making beverages, cakes, puddings, breads, and the like. In addition, crystalline .beta.

Abstract: Free flowing, substantially pure, non-hygroscopic, crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose is disclosed. This crystalline form of D-gulose is characterized by a sharp melting point of 130.degree.-132.degree. C., a specific optical rotation of -40.degree. and characteristic mutarotation. A method for preparation of crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose from D-gulose syrup is also disclosed. This method involves dilution of the D-gulose syrup, followed by initiation of crystallization, and isolation of .beta.-D-gulopyranose crystals. Crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose may be used as an excipient, a chelating agent, a pharmaceutical intermediate, a cleaning agent for glass and metals, a food additive, and as an additive for detergents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for killing pests, especially insects, which comprises exposing the pests to, and permitting said pests to ingest, a substance which is either not transported or which is poorly transported across the digestive tract membranes of the pests.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of a sweetened edible formulation in which the sweetening agent is less calorific than sucrose which comprises the step of mixing a foodstuff with an amount sufficient to sweeten the foodstuff of D-tagatose.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the synthesis of alpha-amino acid by first contacting the condensation product of an aldehyde or ketone and an amine or amide with a protic or Lewis acid solvent and carbon monoxide to form an intermediate reaction product, and then hydrolyzing the intermediate to yield a product comprising the alpha-amino acid. The reaction rate and product yield can be increased by the addition of a Group 1B metal oxide catalyst in the first step.

Abstract: A process for the production of isobutyric acid anhydride in which propylene is initially carbonylated in the presence of a substantial molar excess of liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to provide a reaction mixture of isobutyroyl fluoride and unreacted hydrogen fluoride. Following distillation of the reaction mixture to recover a recycle stream of hydrogen fluoride, the isobutyroyl fluoride residue is partially hydrolyzed in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride acceptor resulting in a hydrolysis product consisting essentially of isobutyroyl fluoride, isobutyric acid anhydride and a hydrogen fluoride complex of said acceptor. Following removal of the solid complex, the hydrolysis product is fractionally distilled to yield an overhead fraction of isobutyroyl fluoride for reuse in the hydrolysis reaction.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a cerium or thorium (lanthanide or actinide metal) promoted single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst useful for the vapor phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and particularly the oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a chromium, molybdenum or tungsten (Group VIB metal) promoted single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst useful for the vapor phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and particularly the oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a titanium promoted single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst useful for the vapor phase oxidation of a linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a thallium promoted single phase vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate) catalyst useful for the vapor phase oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a single phase crystalline vanadium(IV)bis(metaphosphate), VO(PO.sub.3).sub.2, catalyst having an improved intrinsic surface area of from about 5 to 15 m.sup.2 /g. and useful for the vapor phase oxidation of linear C.sub.4 unsaturated olefins, such as n-butenes, to prepare maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an unsaturated monoester having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R' is hydrogen, a halogen or a methyl group, by reacting carbon monoxide, oxygen, and at least a stoichiometric amount of an enol ether, or a 1-alkoxycycloalkene dehydrating agent with a diolefin having the formula ##STR2## wherein R' is as hereinabove described, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a platinum group metal compound and a copper or iron oxidant salt compound.Alternatively, a ligand or coordination complex compound of the metal salt compound and catalytic quantitites of an alcohol may be employed.