Abstract: A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detecting apparatus for measuring the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide species in a given sample is disclosed. The hydrogen sulfide detecting apparatus can comprise a plurality of reaction chambers separated from a plurality of trapping chambers by a (H2S) permeable membrane, with the reaction chambers and trapping chambers each having buffer component(s) and/or reactive agents that expose the incoming sample to a particular pH and chemical environment in order to allow for the selective liberation and trapping of hydrogen sulfide from the sample.

Abstract: A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detecting apparatus for measuring the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide species in a given sample is disclosed. The hydrogen sulfide detecting apparatus can comprise a plurality of reaction chambers separated from a plurality of trapping chambers by a (H2S) permeable membrane, with the reaction chambers and trapping chambers each having buffer component(s) and/or reactive agents that expose the incoming sample to a particular pH and chemical environment in order to allow for the selective liberation and trapping of hydrogen sulfide from the sample.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which including a metal exchange surface having a plurality of upward extending walls forming channels between the walls. The channels are between about 5 and about 500 um in width and the walls are between about 50 and about 1000 um in height. At least one reservoir communicates with the channels and a refrigerant is position in the reservoir, the refrigerant having a boiling point of at least about 50° C. A cover is positioned above the exchange surface such that refrigerant is returned to the exchange surface.

Abstract: The subject system provides a use of clean and environmentally friendly steam technology in place of a compression ignition system. The system used a free piston pump having a double acting pump. A first valve and a second valve are actuated by steam or hydraulically driven providing a fast response. And, each of the first valve and the second valve can be adapted to operate as a 3-way valve having an open position a closed position and an exhaust position. The design allows an improvement over existing compression ignition systems and can utilize a super low emission external combustion system as a power source which operates at a greater efficiency and decreases fuel consumption via regeneration. The present system can expand the steam until the quality drops below 1 into the region of saturated vapor. This adds to the potential efficiency by extracting more energy from the steam in the system. The system converts steam power to hydraulic power.