Abstract: A printed 180 degree differential phase shifter includes a short nonuniform nonregular line and a uniform transmission line. The nonuniform nonregular line consists of two broadside coupled lines of both sides of a thin dielectric substrate. These highly magnetically coupled lines have short opposite connections (short circuits) connecting the coupled lines with a ground of the uniform line. An opposite input and output of the coupled lines are electrically interconnected with input and output transmission lines having equal impedances. The coupled lines are distant from the ground of the uniform line which can be any transmission line having an electrical length equal to the electrical length of the nonuniform nonregular line.

Abstract: A miniature directional coupler has short coupled lines, a series inductor and a parallel resistor connected to the second coupled line output. The coupled lines have a length considerably less than one quarter of a wavelength. Values of the series inductor and the parallel resistor are dependent on coupling, frequency, directivity, impedance and coupling flatness.

Abstract: A compact multi-junction ferrite circulator/isolator in which ferrites, junctions with center conductors and permanent magnet are situated in a stacked manner with common center line within non-magnetic housing. A magnetic circuit also has C-shaped members each having shield, return and ground plane portions. The permanent magnet is located in between the ground plane portions of two C-shaped members. In this tandem circuit one permanent magnet and two ferrites having cross section area of those in a single circuit and less expensive round ferrite shape might be used. It gives a uniform magnetic flux which, in turn, provides better tandem circuit properties. The stacked situation of all principal tandem circuit members also gives the best horizontal integration. Vertical portion of a dielectric film within the tandem circuit might be used for a communication line application, for example, for an amplifier giving the highest level of integration.

Abstract: A lumped circulator/isolator element including option with widebanding circuit, in which an inductor is used, at the same time, as one plate of a capacitor creating a capacitance to a ground plane. Three-strip spiral inductors 3 each located in between three strip conductors I on a surface of a ferrite substrate 5 at 60 degree angle to each other with a common junction point in a center of the ferrite substrate 5. A capacitance of the inductors 3 is created to the ground plane 6.