Abstract: A charge pump is connected between a source and a body of the switch. Such a configuration avoids a condition in which the body diode opens for negative drain-to-source voltage (Vds) across the switch. Such a configuration also avoids a condition in which the switch control circuit generates control signals referenced to a body potential rather than a source potential, thereby allowing the switch to reliably turn off even for negative Vds. An additional gain stage ensures that the switch can be properly turned on. The techniques can be used to generate switches that enable highly linear processing of bipolar differential signals even far outside of the supply range.

Abstract: Techniques are described through which continuous gapless voltage measurements can be synchronized between devices with independent clock sources on an asynchronous bus by slightly adjusting a speed of a local clock source for a period of time. Also, a read-out technique is described through which the synchronous measurements can be read out in a coherent way. These techniques can allow a high-accuracy time-average of the battery cell voltage (or fuel cell voltage) to be reconstructed, while allowing the same results to be synchronous across an entire battery stack, for use in instantaneous voltage/current diagnostics or calculations.

Abstract: A system for measuring a complex impedance associated with an arrangement of battery or fuel cells in an energy storage system may include a controller, a current measurement device, and voltage measurement devices. The current measurement device may be shared by the cells for measuring a test current provided to the cells. The voltage measurement devices may be respectively coupled across corresponding cells. The controller, the current measurement device, and the voltage measurement devices may be coupled together using a DC isolated bus. The controller may determine a respective complex impedance of corresponding groups of the cells using a complex voltage measured by a respective voltage measurement device coupled across a corresponding group of the cells and a complex current measured by the complex current measurement device.