Abstract: A surgical robot with seven degrees of freedom, including various types of joints, offers a hybrid active-passive control for operation both manually and by programmed navigation. One of the degrees of freedom allows the robot to be moved efficiently around the axis of a patient's body to provide ample workspace for surgical procedures in an operating room.

Abstract: A surgical robot with seven degrees of freedom, including various types of joints, offers a hybrid active-passive control for operation both manually and by programmed navigation. One of the degrees of freedom allows the robot to be moved efficiently around the axis of a patient's body to provide ample workspace for surgical procedures in an operating room.

Abstract: A technique for solving a set of wave equations in a region uses points arranged in a grid spanning the region or coefficients of wave expansion for objects located in the region. The grid points or the coefficients are partitioned into blocks on multiple levels, and block impedance matrices encoding the wave equations is derived for pairs of blocks. The block impedance matrix need not be calculated as it is written as the product of two non-square matrices, denoted U and V. Each of U and V have one linear dimension which is only of the order of the rank of the block impedance matrix levels. The rank is predetermined by coarse sampling. Two examples of the use of the invention are given: solving surface integral equations and Foldy Lax equations for partial waves.

Abstract: Analyzing interactions between vias in multilayered electronic packages that include at least two spaced-apart conducting planes, and multiple vias that connect signal traces on different layers. Voltages at active via ports are represented as magnetic ring current sources, which generate electromagnetic modes inside the plane structure. Substantial electromagnetic coupling between vias occurs. A full-wave solution of multiple scattering among cylindrical vias in planar waveguides is derived using Foldy-Lax equations. By using the equivalence principle, the coupling is decomposed into interior and exterior problems. For the interior problem, the dyadic Green's function is expressed in terms of vector cylindrical waves and waveguide modes. The Foldy-Lax equations for multiple scattering among the cylindrical vias are applied, and waveguide modes are decoupled in the Foldy-Lax equations.

Abstract: A technique for solving a set of wave equations in a region uses points arranged in a grid spanning the region or coefficients of wave expansion for objects located in the region. The grid points or the coefficients are partitioned into blocks on multiple levels, and block impedance matrices encoding the wave equations is derived for pairs of blocks. The block impedance matrix need not be calculated as it is written as the product of two non-square matrices, denoted U and V. Each of U and V have one linear dimension which is only of the order of the rank of the block impedance matrix levels. The rank is predetermined by coarse sampling. Two examples of the use of the invention are given: solving surface integral equations and Foldy Lax equations for partial waves.

Abstract: Analyzing interactions between vias in multilayered electronic packages that include at least two spaced-apart conducting planes, and multiple vias that connect signal traces on different layers. Voltages at active via ports are represented as magnetic ring current sources, which generate electromagnetic modes inside the plane structure. Substantial electromagnetic coupling between vias occurs. A full-wave solution of multiple scattering among cylindrical vias in planar waveguides is derived using Foldy-Lax equations. By using the equivalence principle, the coupling is decomposed into interior and exterior problems. For the interior problem, the dyadic Green's function is expressed in terms of vector cylindrical waves and waveguide modes. The Foldy-Lax equations for multiple scattering among the cylindrical vias are applied, and waveguide modes are decoupled in the Foldy-Lax equations.