Abstract: In vivo determination of regional damage with neural and organ injury specific imaging agents. Rapid, and non-invasive imaging compositions and methods for assessment of the extent of neurotoxic cell loss or nervous system damage resulting from nervous system injury due to ischemia, stroke, trauma, chemical or electrical insult, acute drug overdose or exposure to substance abuse (such as “recreational drugs”) infection or other insults. The same or similar rapid, and non-invasive imaging compositions and methods for assessment of the extent of the organ injury comprises any damage, injury or infection, functional failure to specific organs such as liver, kidney, prostate, lung, skeletal muscle, heart, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestine, bladder and the reproductive system as well as damage, injury or infection, functional failure to multi-organs, trauma-hemorrhagic shock and sepsis.