Abstract: A polishing article includes a polishing layer having a working surface including at least one multi-cell structure disposed on the working surface. The multi-cell structure includes three cells, defined as a first cell, a second cell and a third cell. Each of the three cells includes at least one sidewall defining a cell shape. The first cell and the second cell include a first common sidewall including a first channel, having a first channel length, allowing fluid communication between the first cell and the second cell, and a first axis perpendicular to the first channel length and substantially parallel to the working surface. Further, the second cell and the third cell include a second common sidewall including a second channel, having a second channel length, allowing fluid communication between the second cell and the third cell, and a second axis perpendicular to the second channel length and substantially parallel to the working surface.

Abstract: An article includes a surface layer and a base layer coupled to at least a portion of the surface layer. The surface layer includes a top major surface defining a plane and a bottom major surface opposite the top major surface. A plurality of projections extends from the plane of the top major surface and a plurality of microstructures extend from the plurality of projections.

Abstract: A polishing system includes a first carrier assembly configured to receive and hold a substrate and a polishing pad. The polishing pad includes a top major surface and a bottom major surface positioned opposite the top major surface, and a plurality of polishing elements extending from the top major surface of the polishing pad. The system further includes a polishing solution disposed between the top surface of the polishing pad and the substrate. The polishing fluid includes a fluid component, and a plurality of ceramic abrasive composites dispersed in the fluid component, the ceramic abrasive composites including individual abrasive particles dispersed in a porous ceramic matrix. The system further includes a second carrier assembly configured to receive and hold the polishing pad. The system is configured such that the polishing pad is movable relative to the substrate to carry out a polishing operation.

Abstract: A polishing system includes a first carrier assembly configured to receive and hold a substrate and a polishing pad. The polishing pad includes a top major surface and a bottom major surface positioned opposite the top major surface, and a plurality of polishing elements extending from the top major surface of the polishing pad. The system further includes a polishing solution disposed between the top surface of the polishing pad and the substrate. The polishing fluid includes a fluid component, and a plurality of ceramic abrasive composites dispersed in the fluid component, the ceramic abrasive composites including individual abrasive particles dispersed in a porous ceramic matrix. The system further includes a second carrier assembly configured to receive and hold the polishing pad. The system is configured such that the polishing pad is movable relative to the substrate to carry out a polishing operation.

Abstract: A polymeric coating for a glass substrate includes a hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane polymer. The hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane polymer has a molecular weight of greater than about 5500, a thickness of between about 2 and about 15 nanometers and a coefficient of friction constant of less than about 0.35. A water contact angle of the polymeric hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane coating decreases by less than about 27% after being subjected to 10000 abrasion cycles.

Abstract: A polymeric coating for a glass substrate includes a hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane polymer. The hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane polymer has a molecular weight of greater than about 5500, a thickness of between about 2 and about 15 nanometers and a coefficient of friction constant of less than about 0.35. A water contact angle of the polymeric hexafluoropropylene oxide derived silane coating decreases by less than about 27% after being subjected to 10000 abrasion cycles.

Abstract: Aerogel composites and bonded aerogel composites are described. The aerogel composites include monolithic aerogel material located in cavities between a base layer and a structured layer that is bonded to the base layer. Additional layers may be bonded to the base layer and/or the structured layer to form bonded aerogel composites.

Abstract: Hybrid aerogels that contain a metal oxide precursor and a branched telechelic copolymer are described. Aerogels and aerogel articles, including hydrophobic aerogels and hydrophobic aerogel articles are also described.

Abstract: Aerogel composites and bonded aerogel composites are described. The aerogel composites include monolithic aerogel material located in cavities between a base layer and a structured layer that is bonded to the base layer. Additional layers may be bonded to the base layer and/or the structured layer to form bonded aerogel composites.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent without altering the looks and feel of the substrate.

Abstract: The use of perfluorinated polymers and/or fluorinated ionomers as surfactant emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization of fluorinated monomers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a fluorinated polyether composition as a surfactant, said fluorinated polyether composition comprising a mixture of fluorinated polyethers of the formula: (Rf)n—Xw—Z ??(I) wherein n is 1 or 2, w is 0 or 1, X is a divalent or trivalent organic linking group, Z is a polar group selected from the group consisting of an acid group or a salt thereof, an ammonium group, an amine-oxide group and an amphoteric group, and Rf represents a perfluorinated polyether group of the formula: CF3CF2CF2—O—[CF(CF3)CF2O]k—CF(CF3)— wherein k is at least 1; said mixture of fluorinated polyethers having a weight average molecular weight between 750 g/mol and 5000 g/mol and the amount of perfluorinated polyether groups in said mixture where k is 2 or less, is not more than 10% by weight of the total amount of perfluorinated polyether groups in said mixture.

Abstract: The use of perfluorinated polymers and/or fluorinated ionomers as surfactant emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization of fluorinated monomers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether)homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether)homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent without altering the looks and feel of the substrate.

Abstract: A fluorochemical composition for rendering a fibrous substrate oil and/or water repellent which comprises a solution or dispersion of a fluoropolymer having a partially or fully fluorinated backbone and comprising one or more repeating units corresponding to the general formula: wherein Rf represents a perfluorinated organic group having a chain length of at least 2 atoms and having at least one carbon atom and optional auxiliary components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether) homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent without altering the looks and feel of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of poly(perfluorovinyl ether)homopolymers. The present invention further relates to a method of making an aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising bicomponent particles of poly(perfluorovinyl ether)homopolymers and a second fluoropolymer. The dispersions of the present invention may be used for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent.

Abstract: The use of perfluorinated polymers and/or fluorinated ionomers as surfactant emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization of fluorinated monomers.