Abstract: An optical frequency transfer device based on passive phase compensation and a transfer method are provided, where the device comprises a local side, a transfer link and a user side. Optical frequency transfer based on passive phase compensation is achieved by simple optical frequency mixing, microwave filtration, and frequency division processing in a passive phase compensation manner, and the device has simple system structure and high reliability.

Abstract: A method for beam failure recovery in a communication network may include detecting a beam failure based on a downlink transmission at a user equipment (UE) in an inactive state, and performing a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure at the UE in the inactive state based on detecting the beam failure. The downlink transmission may include a reference signal. The reference signal may include a synchronization signal block, The reference signal may include a channel state information reference signal. Detecting the beam failure may include detecting the beam failure based on a beam failure measurement configuration. The method may further include receiving the beam failure measurement configuration at the UE. The UE may receive the beam failure measurement configuration based on a preconfigured uplink resources (PUR) response. The UE may receive the beam failure measurement configuration based on a system information block (SIB) transmission.

Abstract: A miniature backlight kit includes a covering member, a light-shading element, a light guide element, a housing and a light-emitting unit. The light-emitting unit is disposed within a first concave structure of the light-shading element. The light-shading element is disposed within a second concave structure of the light guide element. The light guide element is covered by the lateral wall of the housing. The light-emitting unit emits a light beam. The light beam is reflected to the lateral wall of the housing by the light guide element. Consequently, a luminance gradient region is formed on the surface of the lateral wall of the housing.

Abstract: A method for performing an initial access process includes receiving, by a reduced capabilities (RedCap) user equipment (UE), a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block from a network. The SS/PBCH block may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a first set of physical broadcast channels (PBCH), a second set of PBCH, and a third set of PBCH, wherein the third set of PBCH may be a duplicate of the second set of PBCH. The method may further include decoding, by the RedCap UE, the PSS, the SSS, the first set of PBCH, and the third set of PBCH.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a steel strip coiling temperature control method, a steel strip coiling temperature control device and a steel strip processing system, which relate to the technical field of steel strip production. The method comprises: seeking a corresponding speed compensation coefficient according to a target thickness of the steel strip and a target temperature parameter; seeking a corresponding speed gain coefficient from a second correspondence table according to a steel strip speed; correcting the steel strip speed based on the speed compensation coefficient and the speed gain coefficient to obtain a corrected steel strip speed; and adjusting a cooling efficiency of a laminar flow cooling apparatus according to the corrected steel strip speed.

Abstract: Methods, systems and media for context-aware estimation of student attention in online learning are described. An attention monitoring system filters or restricts the time periods in which student attention is monitored or assessed to those time periods in which student attention is important. These time periods of high attention importance may be determined by processing data from the teacher, such as audio data representing the teacher's voice and/or visual presentation data representing slides or other visual material being presented to the students. Various types of presenter data from the teacher and attendee data from the students may be used in assessing the importance of attention and each student's attention during each time period. The presenter may be provided with feedback in various forms showing student attention performance aggregated or segmented according to various criteria.

Abstract: The present application provides a display panel and a display apparatus. The display panel includes: a substrate and a pixel definition layer located on one side of the substrate where the pixel definition layer includes a plurality of pixel openings arranged in an array, and a projection of the pixel opening on the substrate includes a first side edge. The display panel further includes a first dimming layer located on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the substrate, the first dimming layer including a plurality of dimming openings each corresponding to one of the pixel openings. The projection of the dimmer opening on the substrate includes a body portion and at least one first protrusion, and in the plane of the projection, the first protrusion is at least partially located on a side of the first side edge away from a center of the dimmer opening.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for wireless communication with an external device. The apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) provided for wireless communication with an external device. The UE includes a transceiver and a processor. The processor is configured to receive, via the transceiver, a radio resource control (RRC) signal; determine a virtual bandwidth part (vBWP) based on the RRC signal, the vBWP including a plurality of narrowband (NB) bandwidth parts (BWPs) in a carrier bandwidth for the UE to perform communication at a given time instance, and determine a bandwidth location in the carrier bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of NB BWPs. If a first relative frequency of the bandwidth location in a first NB BWP is the same as a second relative frequency of a bandwidth location in a second NB BWP, then information included in downlink control information (DCI) is re-used to identify the bandwidth location.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method including identifying, for a transmission between a user equipment (UE) and one or more neighboring UEs, one or more interfering UEs of the one or more neighboring UEs by determining potential collisions between candidate resources identified by the UE and resources selected by the one or more neighboring UEs based on beam information, location information of the UE, measured signal strength, and resource reservation information, and excluding resources reserved by the one or more interfering UEs from a resource selection window.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for beam refinement to enable inactive mode transmission in frequency range 2 for 3GPP RedCap devices. A RedCap device receives system information in a SIB1 from a wireless network in which the SIB1 includes information relating to an indication of resources used to transmit a SIB-x. The device receives the SIB-x, which includes an indication of at least one resource, at least one configuration for a Downlink-Reference Signal (DL-RS) transmission, and information relating to a measurement report relating to the beam-refinement measurement that is to be performed by a device. The device receives the DL-RS transmission from the wireless communication network, performs the beam-refinement measurement, and sends a measurement report to the wireless network. Subsequent to sending the measurement report, the device sends an enhanced transmission to the wireless network based on the measurement report.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for SL communication over an unlicensed band by utilizing a frequency interlaced design. A method performed by a UT includes determining whether the UE is operating in a localized mode or an interlaced mode for SL communication, and in response to determining that the LE is operating in the interlaced mode, decoding first stage SCI of a PSCCH based on an interlaced mapping scheme, decoding second stage SCI of a PSSCH based on the decoded first stage SCI, and decoding the PSSCH based on the decoded first and second stage SCI.

Abstract: An optical millimeter wave terahertz transfer system and transfer method are disclosed. The device comprises a local terminal, a transfer link, an access terminal, and a user terminal. By using the device in the transfer link, optical signals transferred forward and backward are extracted through optical couplers, and millimeter wave terahertz signals with a stable phase are obtained at any position in the transfer link through optical signal filtering, photovoltaic conversion, microwave filtering, frequency division and optical frequency shift processing. The device and method have the characteristics of high reliability, simple structure, and low implementation cost.

Abstract: Provided are a control method, apparatus and device for an automatic train operation system. The method includes: acquiring multiple preset traction distribution strategies; determining, for each traction distribution strategy, a performance index of the traction distribution strategy; determining an optimal traction distribution strategy based on performance indexes of the multiple traction distribution strategies; and controlling the automatic train operation system based on the optimal traction distribution strategy.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a system and a method may include receiving, by a first user equipment (UE), configuration information for physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) resources; performing, by the first UE in response to the receiving, a first listen-before-talk (LBT) sensing for a first PSFCH resource of the PSFCH resources; and determining that the first LBT sensing failed and in response, transmitting a signal over a second PSFCH resource of the PSFCH resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery technologies, and in particular, to a silicon-carbon negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method therefor. The negative electrode material includes nano-silicon and a gas-phase carbon source, where the nano-silicon is dispersed in the entire composite material, a part of a surface of the nano-silicon is covered by a vapor-deposited carbon source, and the nano-silicon has a median particle diameter D50 of 100 nm or below; a grain size of the nano-silicon is 10 nm or below; the vapor-deposited carbon source has an average thickness of 10-200 nm; the nano-silicon includes oxygen, the mass content of the oxygen element is 5%-30%, and the negative electrode material includes 60%-90% of nano-silicon by weight and 10%-40% of gas-phase carbon source by weight.

Abstract: A method of establishing connections between wireless devices in a multi-hop sidelink communication network. The method comprises, at a wireless device: receiving a communication request message from a source wireless device; relaying the communication request message over a sidelink; receiving, from a target wireless device that received the relayed communication request message, a communication acceptance response message over a sidelink to establish a communication link between the wireless device and target wireless device; and relaying the communication acceptance response message received from the target wireless device to the source wireless device to establish a multi-hop communication link between the source wireless device and the target wireless device.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) includes a memory and a processor configured to perform directional listen before talk (LBT) to identify a set of narrow beam and sub-band combinations available for transmission; transmit, to a base station (gNB), at least one schedule request in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) over the identified set of narrow beam and sub-band combinations; receive, from the gNB, an uplink grant for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) data transmission over at least one narrow beam and sub-band combination selected by the gNB from the identified set of narrow beam and sub-band combinations; and acquire a channel occupancy time (COT) duration for the at least one narrow beam and sub-band combination selected by the gNB as part of the uplink grant.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided in which a channel occupancy time (COT)-sharing indicator is received, at a first user equipment (UE), from a second UE. The first UE determines whether the first UE is able to use a time-frequency resource within a frequency range indicated by the COT-sharing indicator received from the second UE. In case that the first UE is able to use a time-frequency resource within the frequency range, data is transmitted with COT-sharing between the first UE and the second UE. In case that the first UE is unable to use a time-frequency resource within the frequency range, the data is transmitted without COT-sharing in a first resource selected by the first UE.

Abstract: A device may perform a transmission that may occupy at least a portion of a first slot and perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) sensing operation, wherein the LBT sensing operation may occupy at least a portion of an LBT gap, and at least a portion of the LBT gap may occupy at least a portion of a second slot. A device may perform a transmission that may occupy at least a portion of a first slot, transmit an indication of a resource for an LBT sensing operation, perform an LBT sensing operation for the transmission that may occupy at least a portion of a second slot, and transmit, based on the LBT sensing operation, a reservation signal that may occupy at least a portion of the second slot. A device select a resource for a transmission using a sidelink channel, and select a resource for an LBT sensing operation.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for communicating between devices using sidelinks. There is provided a method performed by a transmitting device for transmitting a packet to a destination device. The method comprises duplicating the packet and adding header information to form duplicated modified packets, each having a respective duplication identifier. Multiple wireless pathways to the destination device are determined, each wireless pathway comprising a sidelink. The duplicated modified packets are transmitted onto respective wireless pathways.