Abstract: A liquid sample drying device, dried sample test piece and the preparation method for the dried sample test piece are provided. The liquid sample drying device includes two substrates, at least one spacer and a clamping member. Each of the two substrates includes a surface. The two surfaces face each other. The at least one spacer is located in between the substrates so as to form a sample region between the surfaces for receiving a liquid sample. The clamping member touches the two substrates so as to temporarily clamp and fix the two substrates and the at least one spacer together.

Abstract: A liquid sample drying device, dried sample test piece and the preparation method for the dried sample test piece are provided. The liquid sample drying device includes two substrates, at least one spacer and a clamping member. Each of the two substrates includes a surface. The two surfaces face each other. The at least one spacer is located in between the substrates so as to form a sample region between the surfaces for receiving a liquid sample. The clamping member touches the two substrates so as to temporarily clamp and fix the two substrates and the at least one spacer together.

Abstract: A TEM specimen kit is disclosed, which comprises: (a) a top substrate and a bottom substrate, the top and the bottom substrates being transparent and substantially parallel to each other; (b) a first spacer and a second spacer, located beneath the top substrate and sitting on the bottom substrate, the second spacer being opposite to and spaced apart from the first spacer at a distance of d; and (c) a chamber formed between the top and bottom substrate and between the first and second spacer, the chamber having two ends open to the atmosphere and characterized by having a height defined by the thickness h of the spacer, wherein the height being smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell. Also enclosed are methods for preparing a dry specimen for TEM nanoparticle characterization, and methods for analyzing TEM images of nanoparticles in a liquid sample.

Abstract: A TEM specimen kit is disclosed, which comprises: (a) a top substrate and a bottom substrate, the top and the bottom substrates being transparent and substantially parallel to each other; (b) a first spacer and a second spacer, located beneath the top substrate and sitting on the bottom substrate, the second spacer being opposite to and spaced apart from the first spacer at a distance of d; and (c) a chamber formed between the top and bottom substrate and between the first and second spacer, the chamber having two ends open to the atmosphere and characterized by having a height defined by the thickness h of the spacer, wherein the height being smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell. Also enclosed are methods for preparing a dry specimen for TEM nanoparticle characterization, and methods for analyzing TEM images of nanoparticles in a liquid sample.

Abstract: A specimen kit having a tiny chamber is disclosed for a specimen preparation for TEM. The space height of the chamber is far smaller than dimensions of blood cells and therefore is adapted to sort nanoparticles from the blood cells. The specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over a true distribution status of nanoparticles in blood. The extremely tiny space height in Z direction eliminates the possibility of aggregation of the nanoparticles and/or agglomeration in Z direction during drying; therefore, a specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over the dispersion and/or agglomeration of nanoparticles in a blood.

Abstract: A specimen kit having a tiny chamber is disclosed for a specimen preparation for TEM. The space height of the chamber is far smaller than dimensions of blood cells and therefore is adapted to sort nanoparticles from the blood cells. The specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over a true distribution status of nanoparticles in blood. The extremely tiny space height in Z direction eliminates the possibility of aggregation of the nanoparticles and/or agglomeration in Z direction during drying; therefore, a specimen prepared under this invention is suitable for TEM observation over the dispersion and/or agglomeration of nanoparticles in a blood.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing transdermal delivery of a bioactive agent. The method contains the step of applying to a skin tissue an effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) a drug vehicle; (b) a bioactive agent encapsulated within the drug vehicle; (c) a plurality of proteolytic enzyme molecules conjugated onto the surface of the drug vehicle; and (d) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for a period of time effective to deliver the bioactive agent across the skin tissue at a desired dosage.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing transdermal delivery of a bioactive agent. The method contains the step of applying to a skin tissue an effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) a drug vehicle; (b) a bioactive agent encapsulated within the drug vehicle; (c) a plurality of proteolytic enzyme molecules conjugated onto the surface of the drug vehicle; and (d) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for a period of time effective to deliver the bioactive agent across the skin tissue at a desired dosage.

Abstract: Thermosensitive liposomes encapsulating paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used as a drug controlled release system. Paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used to generate heat by applying alternative magnetic field to cause leakage of drugs in the liposomes.