Abstract: An electrolytic process of ozone generation using platinum-coated titanium grid as cathode, ?-PbO2 deposited on the grid as anode, and batteries in conjunction with supercapacitors as a DC power source is described. No membrane is required to separate the electrodes, and a neutral salt such as NaCl is used to enhance the generation of ozone gas. The electrolytic apparatus comprising a cell, the electrodes, and a bubbler can also be inserted directly in water that needs ozone treatment. As batteries can power the ozone generation, the apparatus can be disposed at point-of-use and away from the city electricity. The electrolytic apparatus can be used for sterilization of water for pharmaceutical industry, household water supply, for surface cleaning of semiconductors, meats, fish, fruits, as well as for disinfection of SPA water and personal hygiene.

Abstract: A concise electronic timer is composed of an adjustable resistor, a supercapacitor and an electromagnetic relay. After a main power is turned off, electricity supplied from the capacitor to the relay will extend or actuate the operation of a load until the discharge of the capacitor is over. Incorporating the resistor with the other two elements, the discharge time of the capacitor can be altered linearly by the resistor, therefore, a linear arrangement of delay extension and time of activation is attained. The simple, compact and economical timer can be used for indoor and outdoor illumination, monitoring security systems, as well as actuating systems.

Abstract: An electrolytic process of ozone generation using platinum-coated titanium grid as cathode, &bgr;-PbO2 deposited on the grid as anode, and batteries in conjunction with supercapacitors as a DC power source is described. No membrane is required to separate the electrodes, and a neutral salt such as NaCl is used to enhance the generation of ozone gas. The electrolytic apparatus comprising a cell, the electrodes, and a bubbler can also be inserted directly in water that needs ozone treatment. As batteries can power the ozone generation, the apparatus can be disposed at point-of-use and away from the city electricity. The electrolytic apparatus can be used for sterilization of water for pharmaceutical industry, household water supply, for surface cleaning of semiconductors, meats, fish, fruits, as well as for disinfection of SPA water and personal hygiene.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cylindrical high voltage supercapacitor. An anode and a cathode are provided. At least one bipolar electrode is interposed between the anode and the cathode, and a separator is intervened in each pair of the above electrodes. The anode, the cathode, the bipolar electrode and the separator, as placed in the above order, are wound concentrically into a roll, so as to form the cylindrical high voltage supercapacitor.