Abstract: A chemical agent including a fluorine-containing polyaluminum chloride, wherein the chemical agent has 4,500 to 100,000 ppm by mass of fluorine per part by mass of aluminum. Also disclosed is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polyaluminum chloride.

Abstract: An infrastructure system includes at least one sensor, a transceiver, and a computer communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor and to the transceiver. The computer is programmed to receive data from the at least one sensor indicating respective locations and motions of objects in an environment surrounding the at least one sensor; in response to one of (a) the data from the at least one sensor or (b) a request from a user, generate a virtual traffic marker at a first location in the environment; and instruct the transceiver to broadcast the virtual traffic marker to vehicles in the environment. The first location is based on the data from the at least one sensor, and the virtual traffic marker is data including the first location and traffic instructions corresponding to the first location.

Abstract: A computer is programmed to collect first data with a stationary infrastructure sensor describing a first plurality of objects, the first data including at least one movable vehicle, identify a respective first bounding box for each of the first plurality of objects, and receive a message from the vehicle including second data describing a second plurality of objects, whereby at least one object is included in the first plurality of objects and the second plurality of objects. The computer identifies a respective second bounding box for each of the second plurality of objects. The computer identifies, for each object in both the first and second plurality of objects, a respective overlapping area of first and second bounding boxes. The computer transforms coordinates of the first data to coordinates of the second data upon determining that a mean value of the overlapping areas is below a threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a system and a method. In an example implantation, the system and the method can provide a message to a first communications module. The first communications module is configured to transmit the message. The system and the method can also include determining whether the message has been received from a second communications module, and determining whether to generate a warning message based on the determination of whether the message has been received from the second communications module.

Abstract: A computer for a roadside infrastructure element includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores instructions executable by the processor to receive communications from a plurality of vehicles; receive sensor data about an area that includes the roadside infrastructure element; based on the sensor data, determine whether the plurality of vehicles includes a priority vehicle or a spoofing vehicle; and specify to the plurality of vehicles a first action upon determining that the plurality of vehicles includes the priority vehicle, and a second action upon determining that the plurality of vehicles includes a spoofing vehicle.

Abstract: Respective priorities are assigned to data about each of a plurality of objects based on a collision severity and a classification of each of the objects. A message is generated including at least some of the data ordered according to the priorities.

Abstract: First area operating parameters specifying operation of a vehicle within a first area are determined based on traffic data received from a plurality of infrastructure sensors within the first area. Second area operating parameters specifying operation of the vehicle within a second area are determined based on traffic data received from the infrastructure sensor within the second area. The second area is within the first area. Upon the vehicle operating within the first area, the first area operating parameters are provided to the vehicle, and upon the vehicle operating within the second area, the second area operating parameters are provided to the vehicle.

Abstract: A computer is programmed to determine a localization of a first vehicle, including location coordinates and an orientation of the first vehicle, based on first vehicle sensor data, and to wirelessly receive localizations of respective second vehicles, wherein a first vehicle field of view at least partially overlaps respective fields of view of each of the second vehicles. The computer is programmed to determine pair-wise localizations for respective pairs of the first vehicle and one of the second vehicles, wherein each of the pair-wise localizations defines a localization of the first vehicle relative to a global coordinate system based on a (a) relative localization of the first vehicle with reference to the respective second vehicle and (b) a second vehicle localization relative to the global coordinate system, and to determine an adjusted localization for the first vehicle that has a minimized sum of distances to the pair-wise localizations.

Abstract: A system comprises a computer including a processor. The processor receives from each of a plurality of vehicles within a region, a respective plurality of messages and identifies for each of the plurality of vehicles, a respective communications discontinuity during which an expected message fails to be received from the respective vehicle. The processor determines, for each communications discontinuity, discontinuity edge locations at each of a beginning of the communications discontinuity and an end of the communications discontinuity. The processor further determines an interference node location based on the discontinuity edge locations.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions such that the processor is programmed to determine a potential loading of a radio frequency communications channel in an area by vehicle short-range communications based on data collected by sensors on an infrastructure device. The processor is further programmed to activate or deactivate a Wi-Fi device in the area based on the determination of the potential loading of the radio frequency communications channel.

Abstract: Data is received from a vehicle in a stationary support structure. One or more physical attributes of an infrastructure element is determined based on the vehicle data.

Abstract: An infrastructure element includes a computer that includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores instructions executable by the processor such that the computer is programmed to classify a traffic condition of a road segment based on data received from an object detection sensor with a field of view including the road segment and that is communicatively connected to the computer. The computer is programmed to broadcast, to an area including the road segment, a vehicle-to-vehicle communication parameter, determined based on the classified traffic condition and specifying one or more of (i) a channel identifier, (ii) a transmission rate, (iii) a transmission power, or (iv) a message size.

Abstract: A system includes a processor configured to receive a plurality of traffic reports corresponding to individual road segments of an interconnected road network of road segments. The processor is also configured to determine a mitigation strategy, utilizing one or more temporary traffic controls existing for the individual road segments, designed to minimize overall traffic congestion on the road network and send control instructions for the one or more temporary traffic controls, instructing control in accordance with the determined mitigation strategy.

Abstract: A system comprises a computer and a memory. The memory stores instructions to determine that a vehicle communication channel busy ratio exceeds a threshold, and then, based upon determining that the channel busy ratio exceeds the threshold, to classify a traffic condition for a road segment within a coverage area of an infrastructure element based on at least one of a traffic density and a status of a traffic light. The memory further includes instructions to determine a broadcast policy for the road segment based on the channel busy ratio exceeding the threshold and the classified traffic condition, wherein the broadcast policy is selected from a set of policies that includes (1) a periodic broadcast of messages and (2) a broadcast limited to specified messages.

Abstract: Respective planned reference velocities of a reference vehicle are received for each of a plurality of time steps including a current time step. Respective sensed velocities of a subject vehicle for each of the time steps are determined from sensor data. Respective distances between the reference vehicle and the subject vehicle are determined for each of the plurality of time steps. A number of intervening vehicles between the reference vehicle and the subject vehicle is determined. Based on the planned reference velocities of the reference vehicle, the sensed velocities of the subject vehicle, the distance, and the number of intervening vehicles, a future velocity of the subject vehicle is predicted at a time step that is after the current time step.

Abstract: In a computer mounted to a stationary support structure a vehicle and an object proximate to the support structure can be detected from data from a sensor mounted to the support structure. A risk condition can be identified based on the detected vehicle and object.

Abstract: A computer, including a processor and a memory, the memory including instructions to be executed by the processor to receive a vehicle path from a server computer and verify the vehicle path based on vehicle dynamics and vehicle constraints. The instruction can include further instructions to, when the vehicle path is verified as correct, operating the vehicle on the vehicle path and, when the vehicle path is verified as incorrect, stopping the vehicle.

Abstract: A system is described. The system includes: a support; a first emitter coupled to the support, facing radially outwardly, and configured to emit a continuous-wave (CW) beam; and a second emitter coupled to the support, facing radially outwardly, and configured to emit a pulsed beam. The system may determine reflectivity using the first emitter and may determine a range using the second emitter.

Abstract: A plurality of messages can be received from a remote device, each of the messages including a respective sent time from the remote device. A receiver can store a respective receipt time of each of the messages. A computer clock can be adjusted based on a first difference between respective sent times and a second difference between respective receipt times.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions such that the processor is programmed to determine a potential loading of a radio frequency communications channel in an area by vehicle short-range communications based on data collected by sensors on an infrastructure device. The processor is further programmed to activate or deactivate a Wi-Fi device in the area based on the determination of the potential loading of the radio frequency communications channel.