Abstract: The compositions of the present disclosure polish surfaces or substrates that at least partially include ruthenium. The composition includes a synergistic combination of ammonia and oxygenated halogen compound. The composition may further include abrasive and acid(s). A polishing composition for use on ruthenium materials may include ammonia, present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition; hydrogen periodate, present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition; silica, present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 12 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition; and organic sulfonic acid, present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the pH of the composition is between 6 and 8.

Abstract: A process for treating aged oil by electron beam irradiation is disclosed, comprising the following steps: step 1, homogenizing the aged oil and then feeding the aged oil into a distributor; step 2, forming a liquid layer having a certain thickness on the distributor; step 3, installing and debugging an electron beam irradiation device on the distributor; step 4, installing and debugging a phased-array microwave emitter on the distributor after installing and debugging the electron beam irradiation device; step 5, turning on the electron beam irradiation device and the phased-array microwave emitter; and step 6, dividing the treated aged oil and then allowing the aged oil after dividing to enter an oil pool and a water pool for standing. Oil flows out from an upper layer of the oil pool, a lower layer of the oil pool flows back to an aged oil storage pool.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for controlling the state switching of a fluid torque converter, a vehicle and a storage medium, the method including: obtaining a target instruction when the torque converter of the vehicle is in a locked state, the target instruction triggering a change in the torque transmission direction of a transmission system of the vehicle; obtaining a state parameter, and determining whether the current vehicle is in a target operating condition according to the state parameter; and if the current vehicle is in the target operating condition, switching the fluid torque converter to an open state, and switching the torque converter back to the locked state after maintaining the open state for a preset period of time.

Abstract: An integrated end-bus plate for fuel cell stack includes main plate body and a conducting plate. The main plate body is made of corrosion resistant and non-conducting material, which inner side has at least a contacting surface provided for flatly in contact with one side of the fuel cell unit attached adjacent to the main plate body. The conducting plate which is made of electro-conducting material is integrally attached to an inner side of the main plate body to form an integrated body for electrically communicating with the reaction region of the fuel cell unit. The integrated end-bus plate is designed to overcome the conventional drawbacks including the fluid leaking between the end plate and the bus plate and the formation of metallic ions due to the electrochemical corrosion of the bus plate that generally results in causing damages to the fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention discloses an integral multi-stack system of fuel cell. The system includes at least one pair of fuel cell stacks, a manifolding functional frame, and an attaching device for securely installing each pair of fuel cell stacks to the manifolding functional frame. Each fuel cell stack has a pair of end plates and six openings including a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, a cooling agent inlet, a fuel outlet, an oxidant outlet, and cooling agent outlet all formed on one end plate thereof. When the fuel cell stacks are securely installed onto the manifolding functional frame, each opening thereof is air commnicateable to a sub-passage defined in the body without being communicated with one another and respectively communicated to a plurality of main passages defined in the body, making the main passages and the sub-passages be able to be used to supply and/or discharge gas or liquid being used by all the fuel cell stacks integrated.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel storage reservoir, an air supply unit, a temperature regulator, and a particulates blocking device. The particulates blocking device includes an multi-layer air filtering unit communicated with the air supply unit for blocking unwanted particulates from the air supplied by the air supply unit. The air filtering unit includes a particle filter layer having a plurality of porous gratings formed thereon for allowing molecules which are smaller than a size of the gratings to pass therethrough, and a molecular filler layer having a plurality of filler grains chemically bound together for absorbing a predetermined kinds of molecules so as to block the molecules from entering into the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: A monitoring system includes a plurality of monitoring devices adjacently provided to a group of integrated fuel cell stacks for measuring a voltage of the fuel cell units. Each of the monitoring devices includes a plurality of monitoring sensors adapted for electrically connecting to a predetermined set of fuel cell units and a MCU (Micro-Chip-Unit) for sequentially and circularly switching each two neighboring monitoring sensors for reading the voltage of each respective fuel cell. A CAN bus is provided for electrically and collectively interconnecting the monitoring devices with a central operator which is arranged in such a manner that when said the voltage of the respective fuel cell unit exceeds a safety range, the central operator generates an alert signal for indicating an abnormal operation of the respective fuel cell.

Abstract: A monitoring system includes a plurality of monitoring devices adjacently provided to a group of integrated fuel cell stacks for measuring a voltage of the fuel cell units. Each of the monitoring devices includes a plurality of monitoring sensors adapted for electrically connecting to a predetermined set of fuel cell units and a MCU (Micro-Chip-Unit) for sequentially and circularly switching each two neighboring monitoring sensors for reading the voltage of each respective fuel cell. A CAN bus is provided for electrically and collectively interconnecting the monitoring devices with a central operator which is arranged in such a manner that when said the voltage of the respective fuel cell unit exceeds a safety range, the central operator generates an alert signal for indicating an abnormal operation of the respective fuel cell.

Abstract: A monitoring system includes a plurality of monitoring sensors for electrically connecting to fuel cell units of a fuel cell stack respectively, wherein a voltage of each of the fuel cell units is measured when two corresponding neighboring monitoring sensors are switched on. An alert controller includes a switch control sequentially switching each two neighboring monitoring sensors, and an alert device arranged when the voltage of the respective fuel cell unit is within a safety range, the switch control continuously switches on another two neighboring monitoring sensors until the voltage of the last fuel cell unit is read, and when the voltage of the respective fuel cell unit is out of the safety range, the alert device generates an alert signal for indicating an abnormal operation of the respective fuel cell unit of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: An integrated end-bus plate for fuel cell stack includes main plate body and a conducting plate. The main plate body is made of corrosion resistant and non-conducting material, which inner side has at least a contacting surface provided for flatly in contact with one side of the fuel cell unit attached adjacent to the main plate body. The conducting plate which is made of electro-conducting material is integrally attached to an inner side of the main plate body to form an integrated body for electrically communicating with the reaction region of the fuel cell unit. The integrated end-bus plate is designed to overcome the conventional drawbacks including the fluid leaking between the end plate and the bus plate and the formation of metallic ions due to the electrochemical corrosion of the bus plate that generally results in causing damages to the fuel cell.

Abstract: An air humidifying system includes an air humidifying device including a humidifying unit, having a dry air inlet and a humidified air outlet, for humidifying a flow of dry air from the dry air inlet to a humidified air exiting at the humidified air outlet. An air filtering unit has an air filtering inlet for guiding an ambient air as the dry air and an air filtering outlet communicating with the dry air inlet of the humidifying unit for purifying the dry air before entering into the humidifying unit. An air supplying unit has an air inlet port communicating with the humidified air outlet of the humidifying unit and an air outlet port adapted for communicating with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack, wherein the air supplying unit is adapted for guiding the humidified air into the fuel cell stack in a pressurized manner.

Abstract: The present discloses a fuel cell system comprising a plurality of individual fuel cells combined together to form an elongated fuel cell stack, wherein each of the individual fuel cells is divided into at least two separable isoelectric zones by insulated means, so that after the individual fuel cells are connected in series, the fuel cell stack is divided into at least two separable isoelectric parts, by connecting the separable isoelectric parts of the fuel cell stack in series, the fuel cell stack is capable of outputting a multiple increased voltage and a multiple decreased current.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of anode bus plates and a plurality of cathode bus plates disposed between two end plates of a fuel cell stack in such a manner that at least two cell units as a cell set are grouped between the anode bus plate and the cathode bus plate, wherein each of the anode bus plates is positioned at an anode end of the respective cell set and each of the cathode bus plates is positioned at a cathode end of the respective cell set, wherein when the anode and cathode bus plates are electrically connected in a parallel manner, the anode and cathode bus plates accumulatively collect an electrical energy of the cell set therebetween so as to substantially enhance an output current of the fuel cell stack with minimized output voltage.

Abstract: The invention discloses an integral multi-stack system of fuel cell. The system includes at least one pair of fuel cell stacks, a manifolding functional frame, and an attaching device for securely installing each pair of fuel cell stacks to the manifolding functional frame. Each fuel cell stack has a pair of end plates and six openings including a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, a cooling agent inlet, a fuel outlet, an oxidant outlet, and cooling agent outlet all formed on one end plate thereof. When the fuel cell stacks are securely installed onto the manifolding functional frame, each opening thereof is air commnicateable to a sub-passage defined in the body without being communicated with one another and respectively communicated to a plurality of main passages defined in the body, making the main passages and the sub-passages be able to be used to supply and/or discharge gas or liquid being used by all the fuel cell stacks integrated.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel storage reservoir, an air supply unit, a temperature regulator, and a particulates blocking device. The particulates blocking device includes an multi-layer air filtering unit communicated with the air supply unit for blocking unwanted particulates from the air supplied by the air supply unit. The air filtering unit includes a particle filter layer having a plurality of porous gratings formed thereon for allowing molecules which are smaller than a size of the gratings to pass therethrough, and a molecular filler layer having a plurality of filler grains chemically bound together for absorbing a predetermined kinds of molecules so as to block the molecules from entering into the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a fuel cell comprises a plurality of cell bodies electrically connected in a series manner, each of the cell bodies having an anode catalytic interface and an opposed a cathode catalytic interface, a proton exchange membrane, sandwiched between each the two adjacent cell bodies to communicate with the anode catalytic interface and the cathode catalytic interface thereof to form a fuel cell stack, and a reacting passage arrangement for generating an electrochemical reaction between the anode catalytic interfaces and the cathode catalytic interfaces of the cell bodies, wherein the reacting passage arrangement has a flowing channel having an inlet and an outlet for allowing a reactant to pass through the fuel cell stack from the inlet to the outlet so as to electrochemically react with the proton exchange membrane, wherein the flowing channel is shaped and sized to balance an entrance pressure of the reactant at the inlet with an exit pressure of the reactant at the outlet so as t