Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate and an epitaxial structure. The epitaxial structure includes a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer which are disposed on the upper surface of the substrate in such order. The substrate has a substrate edge region surrounding and exposed from the epitaxial structure. The substrate edge region includes a first substrate edge region and a second substrate edge region which is more proximate to the epitaxial structure than the first substrate edge region. The first substrate edge region has a first uneven toothed surface or an even flat surface. The second substrate edge regions are formed with second uneven toothed surfaces which have a height greater than a height of the first even toothed surface, or the even flat surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure has provided an automatic multichannel apparatus for assessing hot coal fallout propensity of burning cigarettes and an assessing method thereof. The apparatus comprises a multichannel rotary plate unit, an automatic supplying unit for cigarette samples, an automatic ignition and burning line detection unit for cigarette samples, a cigarette holding and force applying unit, an automatic hot coal fallout detection and removal unit, a smoke collecting unit during suction, a suction unit, a gas exhaust unit arranged in a main frame, and an electric circuit and air path control unit for controlling actions and processes of the above units. The apparatus operates based on certain steps and performs automatic ignition and burning line detection on cigarette samples inserted into a rotary plate in sequence.

Abstract: A composition comprising an amount of one or more agents comprising a hydroxy(C1-10)(COOH) or salt thereof, wherein C1-10 can be substituted or form a ring, a dicarboxylic acid, a purine nucleoside or analog thereof, a pyrimidine nucleoside or an analog thereof, or an amino acid or analog thereof, effective to inhibit inflammation, and methods of using the composition, are provided.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) capable of holding, heating, and quantitatively supplying a gelled electronic liquid (e-liquid) is provided. The e-cigarette includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a gel container, a press and reset mechanism, and an aerosol channel. The gelled e-liquid is supplied quantitatively to a heating chamber by manually pressing the press and reset mechanism. The user can adjust the time interval between pressing and releasing the press and reset mechanism according to the needs of the user for each inhalation by adjusting the length of the gelled e-liquid stick supplied to the heating chamber. Besides, a holder is provided therein with heating plates at different positions, and the holder also serves as a heating element. The design avoids the need to provide the heating element and the heating chamber separately, which reduces the volume of the smoking device.

Abstract: A bubble removal preparation device and method for a gel-state electronic liquid (e-liquid) are provided. The preparation device includes a negative-pressure chamber and a cooling element, where the negative-pressure chamber is provided therein with a porous e-liquid containing chamber. A temperature controller is configured to control the temperature of the cooling element, and a gap between the porous e-liquid containing chamber and the cooling element forms an e-liquid containing cavity.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) capable of holding, heating, and quantitatively supplying a gelled electronic liquid (e-liquid) is provided. The e-cigarette includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a gel container, a press and reset mechanism, and an aerosol channel. The gelled e-liquid is supplied quantitatively to a heating chamber by manually pressing the press and reset mechanism. The user can adjust the time interval between pressing and releasing the press and reset mechanism according to the needs of the user for each inhalation by adjusting the length of the gelled e-liquid stick supplied to the heating chamber. Besides, a holder is provided therein with heating plates at different positions, and the holder also serves as a heating element. The design avoids the need to provide the heating element and the heating chamber separately, which reduces the volume of the smoking device.

Abstract: A bubble removal preparation device and method for a gel-state electronic liquid (e-liquid) are provided. The preparation device includes a negative-pressure chamber and a cooling element, where the negative-pressure chamber is provided therein with a porous e-liquid containing chamber. A temperature controller is configured to control the temperature of the cooling element, and a gap between the porous e-liquid containing chamber and the cooling element forms an e-liquid containing cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for assessing hot coal fallout propensity of burning cigarettes based on human behavior features of ash-tapping action. The method is characterized in that the method is accomplished through an apparatus for detecting hot coal fallout propensity based on human behavior features of ash-tapping action, which include behavior features of human action of tapping cigarette ash, features of holding a cigarette, and features of force applying process and other aspects. This method can provide objective and accurate test basis for evaluation of cigarette fallout performance.

Abstract: An atomizing liquid gel with reversible phase transition characteristics includes: a sugar-based gelling agent, 0.1-3.0 wt %; an atomizing liquid, 97.0-99.9 wt %; a molecule of the sugar-based gelling agent is a sugar molecule introduced with an amide group and/or an aryl group, and the sugar molecule optionally further includes at least one hydrophobic structural part selected from —CxHy, —O—CxHy and and x>2 and y>2. The atomizing liquid gel has characteristics of thermal reversible phase transition and/or shear reversible phase transition, a temperature of gel-sol phase transition is 100° C.-248° C., and a critical shear stress of the gel-sol phase transition is 40-800 Pa. Under heating and/or oscillation, the atomizing liquid gel converts from the gel state to a sol state, and the atomizing agent fixed in the gel releases to form an inhalable aerosol.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for assessing hot coal fallout propensity of burning cigarettes based on human behavior features of ash-flicking action. The method is characterized in that the method is accomplished through an apparatus for detecting hot coal fallout propensity based on human behavior features of ash-flicking action, which include behavior features of human action of flicking cigarette ash, features of holding a cigarette, and features of force applying process and other aspects. This method can provide objective and accurate test basis for evaluation of cigarette fallout performance.

Abstract: A non-combustible cigarette based on flocking technology and a manufacturing method of the cigarette are disclosed. The cigarette includes a cigarette paper layer, which is a hollow cylindrical structure. The inner wall of the cigarette paper layer is provided with an adhesive layer, and tobacco filler granules, tobacco filler filaments or tobacco filler fibers are fixedly bonded on the adhesive layer. The manufacturing method includes a flocking process and a cigarette-rolling process. The process automatically flocks filamentous, fibrous or granular tobacco to the surface of the cigarette paper, and then connects to the cigarette-rolling process to obtain the non-combustible cigarette. When the cigarette is filled with the tobacco filler granules, the complex process of using a plugging device at the open end of the cigarette is eliminated.

Abstract: An electromagnetically-driven liquid atomization device includes an atomizing core and an electromagnetic drive unit, where the atomizing core includes a liquid storage tank and an electrical heating element; the electrical heating element is provided above a droplet releasing hole, such that a surface of the electrical heating element and the droplet releasing hole are opposite and spaced apart by a certain distance; the electromagnetic drive unit is provided at the bottom of the atomizing core. The electromagnetically-driven liquid atomization device of the present disclosure features small size, quantitative liquid supply, small-volume liquid atomization, controllable droplet formation and liquid surface shape, and no liquid leakage.

Abstract: An electromagnetically-driven liquid atomization device includes an atomizing core and an electromagnetic drive unit, where the atomizing core includes a liquid storage tank and an electrical heating element; the electrical heating element is provided above a droplet releasing hole, such that a surface of the electrical heating element and the droplet releasing hole are opposite and spaced apart by a certain distance; the electromagnetic drive unit is provided at the bottom of the atomizing core. The electromagnetically-driven liquid atomization device of the present disclosure features small size, quantitative liquid supply, small-volume liquid atomization, controllable droplet formation and liquid surface shape, and no liquid leakage.

Abstract: An atomizing liquid gel with reversible phase transition characteristics includes: a sugar-based gelling agent, 0.1-3.0 wt %; an atomizing agent, 97.0-99.9 wt %; a molecule of the sugar-based gelling agent is a sugar molecule introduced with an amide group and/or an aryl group, and the sugar molecule optionally further includes at least one hydrophobic structural part selected from —CxHy, —O—CxBy and and x>2 and y>2. The atomizing liquid gel has characteristics of thermal reversible phase transition and/or shear reversible phase transition, a temperature of gel-sol phase transition is 100° C.-248° C., and a critical shear stress of the gel-sol phase transition is 40-800 Pa. Under heating and/or oscillation, the atomizing liquid gel converts from the gel state to a sol state, when the heating and/or oscillation are stopped, the atomizing liquid gel is quickly recovered from the sol state to the gel state.

Abstract: A variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette includes an atomizer. An atomization cavity is disposed in the atomizer, and a variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip is disposed at a lower portion of the atomization cavity. An inverted trapezoidal interdigital transducer is disposed on the variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip. An e-liquid storage cavity is disposed in the atomization cavity. A porous ceramic sheet is disposed between the e-liquid storage cavity and the atomization chip. The new variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette can realize any adjustment of the working frequency within a set range, thereby realizing the autonomous regulation and control of a smoke particle size after atomization of the e-liquid.

Abstract: A variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette includes an atomizer. An atomization cavity is disposed in the atomizer, and a variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip is disposed at a lower portion of the atomization cavity. An inverted trapezoidal interdigital transducer is disposed on the variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip. An e-liquid storage cavity is disposed in the atomization cavity. A porous ceramic sheet is disposed between the e-liquid storage cavity and the atomization chip. The new variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette can realize any adjustment of the working frequency within a set range, thereby realizing the autonomous regulation and control of a smoke particle size after atomization of the e-liquid.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette with an improved atomizer includes a suction nozzle and a main body. The main body is provided with an atomizing core mounting groove. The atomizing core mounting groove contains an atomizing core. The suction nozzle and the main body are integrated into one piece, or the suction nozzle and the main body can be connected to or detached from each other. The atomizing core includes a casing, a liquid storage assembly, and a heating assembly. A wire passes through a first wire guide hole and is electrically connected to a power supply and a control system. A first air guide hole and a second air guide hole are connected through which an airflow passes.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette with an improved atomizer includes a suction nozzle and a main body. The main body is provided with an atomizing core mounting groove. The atomizing core mounting groove contains an atomizing core. The suction nozzle and the main body are integrated into one piece, or the suction nozzle and the main body can be connected to or detached from each other. The atomizing core includes a casing, a liquid storage assembly, and a heating assembly. A wire passes through a first wire guide hole and is electrically connected to a power supply and a control system. A first air guide hole and a second air guide hole are connected through which an airflow passes.

Abstract: The present disclosure has provided an automatic multichannel apparatus for assessing hot coal fallout propensity of burning cigarettes and an assessing method thereof. The apparatus comprises a multichannel rotary plate unit, an automatic supplying unit for cigarette samples, an automatic ignition and burning line detection unit for cigarette samples, a cigarette holding and force applying unit, an automatic hot coal fallout detection and removal unit, a smoke collecting unit during suction, a suction unit, a gas exhaust unit arranged in a main frame, and an electric circuit and air path control unit for controlling actions and processes of the above units. The apparatus operates based on certain steps and performs automatic ignition and burning line detection on cigarette samples inserted into a rotary plate in sequence.