Abstract: Apparatus and methods for secure data entry. The apparatus includes a device for entering data, a display for displaying information confirming the security of the data-entry apparatus and an encryption circuit, communicatively coupled to the data-entry device and the display. The device for entering data may be a touch pad. The first and second displays are physically separate and are under the control of respective controllers, in turn communicatively coupled to and under the control of the encryption circuit. The displayed information may be an icon. The data-entry apparatus refrains from displaying information asserting the device's ability to securely receive data. The data-entry device then prepares to receive encrypted data received. It then displays information asserting the data-entry device's ability to securely receive the data.

Abstract: An electromechanical braille cell is disclosed wherein each cell includes six braille indicia formed by the free ends of six rods protruding through six openings in braille reading surface. The six rods are raised and lowered by six piezoelectric reeds. Applying an operating potential to a respective reed causes the reed to bend about a fulcrum at the supported root end of the reed causing the free end to deflect in such a manner as to cause the indicia rod to be raised and to protrude through an opening in the reading surface of the braille cell. Simultaneous energization of one or more of the six reeds defines a given braille character sensed by the braille reader. Modulating the voltage applied to a given reed serves to vibrate the respective rod for sensing by the braille reader for indicating information, such as upper case, to the reader in addition to the braille character information represented by merely elevating a pattern of rods above the braille reading surface.