Abstract: A method of adapting execution-driven simulators to accept traces is provided. First, a benchmark program is executed to provide a trace file of the executed instructions. Each output instruction of the trace file includes the program counter (PC) and the op code of the instruction executed. In addition for memory access instructions, the trace file includes effective memory addresses, and for decision control transfer instructions, the trace file includes actual branch destinations. Next, the trace file is randomly sampled to produce relatively small segments of contiguous trace instructions. These are then provided to a processor model which processes them concurrently with the benchmark program which is provided in a memory model connected to the processor model. To ensure that the processor design performance is accurately predicted, the trace file effective addresses are used during execution.