Abstract: The taper of narrow faces of a plate-type mold is controlled for the production of steel castings in slab form, wherein the plates of the mold are cooled by a liquid coolant and wherein the narrow faces can be adjusted between wide faces of the mold. Initially, the temperature of the coolant is measured at a coolant outlet of each plate of the mold. A cooling surface-related specific temperature value is then formed from each measured temperature. The specific temperature values of opposite plates are compared. The specific temperature values of each plate are compared with the specific temperature values of the adjoining plates. When a difference between the specific temperature values occurs, an adjustment value having a magnitude of the difference in values is applied to a drive of the narrow face which provides the lower temperature value, such that the taper of the narrow face is increased.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing plated hollow metallic blocks for further processing into seamless tubes of the type in which a body is immersed one or more times into a melt includes: protecting the inner surfaces of a hollow body of plating material against the admission of a melt of support material during the immersion of the hollow body in the melt of support material; immersing such hollow body formed of plating material into the melt of support material; removing the hollow body from the melt of support material; and crystallizing a layer of support material on the outer surface of the hollow body.

Abstract: A method for continuous casting of thin slab ingots with reduced thickness following immediately the casting particularly of steel under utilization of a mold which is open at the bottom and under further utilization of roller pairs arranged along the withdrawal path, at least some of them are driven and at least some of the rollers are hydraulically adjustable perpendicular from the path so as to act as ingot deforming rolls. The invention is further improved by determining the speed of driven rollers, and the pressure force of adjustable roller pairs acting against the ingot and providing feedback control for the speed and the force. Additionally, providing a master control action for the speed control such that a point of solidification is dynamically maintained in a particular geometric position as far as the passing ingot is concerned; and by limiting the adjustment of rollers as far as the gap between pairs of such rollers is concerned downstream from that point.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting steel in which a melt is introduced through a movable immersion nozzle. The method includes the steps of controlling the start of the casting process in connection with the withdrawal of the casting by starting the withdrawal of the casting upon reaching a desired height of the surface of the steel in the mold, and driving the casting from the mold at a desired casting removal speed via a control element in a predetermined manner. Further, the method includes measuring the position of the bath level as it ascends in the mold during the continuous casting and adjusting the position of the immersion nozzle in relation to the ascending bath level from a first position to a desired operating position by changing the position of the distributor.

Abstract: A method for continuous casting metal products under utilization of a mold and pouring molten metal into the mold to obtain a flat stock with a thickness below 100 mm, includes withdrawing the partially solidified casting by at least one roll pair which reduce the thickness of the stock upstream from complete solidification by at least 10% but not more than 70% while further reduction in thickness by at least 30% obtains downstream from complete solidification is improved by requiring that the product being cast has a thickness not below 50 mm; that exclusively internally cooled rollers are used for obtaining the reduction; and that the thickness is reduced downstream from the complete solidification at a point where the temperature is only little below the solidus temperature particularly in the case of steel being a temperature between 1500 and 1200 degrees C.

Abstract: Seen against the direction of casting, the narrow width dimension of a mold is widened through appropriate surface contour, at least in the mold center, to facilitate charging of the mold whereby the lower portions of the longitudinal walls of the mold are essentially parallely curved while in the upper portion at least one of the walls tangentially merges into the pour-in portion of the mold.

Abstract: Molten metal is introduced into a tubular mold and is withdrawn from the mold in the partly solidified state. There is included a sensor to measure the behavior of the metal strand as close as possible to the mold in order to control or regulate the drive unit for the withdrawal of the strand on a continuous casting machine. For a more precise determination of the actual conditions, the movement of the strand is measured in an area close as possible to the point where the strand leaves the mold. The measurement of the movement may be made in a non-contact and non-delayed manner by the sensor which responds to radiation. The sensor is designed and positioned so that it produces an evaluatable measurement signal in response to the displacement-time behavior of the strand. The measurement signal is transmitted to a display unit and/or evaluation unit for adjustment of the drive unit in order to obtain the desired speed of withdrawal.

Abstract: A hot casting, freshly emerging from the mold, is inspected for any surface defects by a revolving line scan camera; the camera is disposed in an annular water-cooled, two-part housing having an inwardly directed annular gap covered by a sheet that revolves with the camera; the camera can look through a small gap of that sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for adjusting the inclination of the small sides in a mold for continuous casting, selectively in response to any variations of the mold sides as such, and in response to any variation of the gap between the casting emerging from the mold and the lower end thereof. A feedback loop operating in response to mold side inclination should be responsive to command input which are dependent upon the casting speed.

Abstract: A casting is inspected by equipment similar to the equipment in a companion application. That equipment includes a revolving camera. The camera is electrically powered by a generator which revolves with the camera and is, by itself, driven pursuant to that rotation.