Abstract: A slidably attachable, automated means for opening and closing the die halves of a casting machine. Cylinders are provided having integral vertical side grooves for mounting on said casting machines and the like. The preferred hydraulic cylinder has a hollow piston rod connected to the piston and projecting from one end of the cylinder. A fluid flow line movable within the cylinder projects from the other end of the cylinder and slidably passes through the piston into the piston rod. Separate elements contact the piston at opposite ends of its stroke to move the fluid flow line and switch the fluid flow in the cylinder.

Abstract: A method of allowing for the identification of artistic shapes by the workpiece purchaser. Casting variable workpieces where the subject matter to be cast is not identified prior to casting.

Abstract: A slidably attachable automated hydraulic cylinder system opens and closes the die halves of a casting machine. Cylinders are provided having integral vertical side grooves for mounting on the casting machines. The preferred hydraulic cylinder has a hollow piston rod connected to the piston and projecting from one end of the cylinder. A fluid flow line movable within the cylinder projects from the other end of the cylinder and slidably passes through the piston into the piston rod. Separate elements contact the piston at opposite ends of its stroke to move the fluid flow line and switch the fluid flow in the cylinder.

Abstract: An ingot formed as an elongate structure characterized by a rectangular center body and reduced section handle structures on the ends of the body each provided with recesses for receipt of manipulative tools. The rectangular center body moreover, includes performations proximate each handle structure which are useful in storage and for the control of heat transfer for partial melting.

Abstract: A casting bench useful in casting limited quantities of articles includes a top base plate grooved longitudinally to receive opposed sliding cages each advanced by a corresponding first rack assembly. Each sliding cage, moreover, carries with it a corresponding second rack assembly useful in advancing lateral core plugs. Thus, exterior casting forms may be fixed to the sliding cages which then advance the cores for casting. The base plate may be releasably fixed to support legs and the whole structure may be disassembled for storage.