Abstract: A static type, called “dynamic”, is introduced into a statically bound programming language. An expression or subexpression that is defined as a static type called “dynamic” in the source code of a program written in the statically bound programming language, is bound based on its runtime type instead of on its compile time type. Binding can be performed based on a mixture of compile time and runtime types that are based on the specification of types of expressions in source code. This type of binding is called hybrid binding. Operations are bound using the runtime type of constituent expressions (i.e., the runtime type of a receiver, an argument, or an operand) typed as dynamic and the compile time type of static constituents. If any constituent expression of an operation is dynamic, binding occurs at runtime instead of at compile time.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for transforming source code to await execution of asynchronous operations. Embodiments of the invention simplify authoring and use of asynchronous methods, by generating statements that use well-defined awaitable objects to await completion of asynchronous operations. For example, a computer system can transform a statement that requests to await the completion of an asynchronous operation into a plurality of statements that use a predefined pattern of members of an awaitable object corresponding the asynchronous operation. The pattern can include one or more members configured to return a completion status of the asynchronous operation, one or more members configured to resume execution of the asynchronous method at a resumption point when the asynchronous operation completes, and one or more members configured to retrieve completion results.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for compile time interpretation of markup codes. Embodiments of the invention can be used to specify custom behaviors to be taken in response to any of a number of ways that markup codes (e.g., XML data) can be constructed and in response to any number of ways that markup codes can be accessed. At compile time, the construction of objects and/or the modes of access for objects using mark up codes are known. As such, the compiler, type-system and development environment can use a known set of custom behaviors to regulate or give feedback on what constructions or modes of access are allowed, and what their characteristics are.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for representing various programming elements with compiler-generated tasks. Embodiments of the invention enable access to the future state of a method through a handle to a single and composable task object. For example, an asynchronous method is rewritten to generate and return a handle to an instance of a builder object, which represents one or more future states of the asynchronous method. Information about operation of the asynchronous method is then passed through the handle. Accordingly, state of the asynchronous method is trackable prior to and after completing.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for transforming source code to await execution of asynchronous operations. Embodiments of the invention simplify authoring and use of asynchronous methods, by generating statements that use well-defined awaitable objects to await completion of asynchronous operations. For example, a computer system can transform a statement that requests to await the completion of an asynchronous operation into a plurality of statements that use a predefined pattern of members of an awaitable object corresponding the asynchronous operation. The pattern can include one or more members configured to return a completion status of the asynchronous operation, one or more members configured to resume execution of the asynchronous method at a resumption point when the asynchronous operation completes, and one or more members configured to retrieve completion results.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for compile time interpretation of markup codes. Embodiments of the invention can be used to specify custom behaviors to be taken in response to any of a number of ways that markup codes (e.g., XML data) can be constructed and in response to any number of ways that markup codes can be accessed. At compile time, the construction of objects and/or the modes of access for objects using mark up codes are known. As such, the compiler, type-system and development environment can use a known set of custom behaviors to regulate or give feedback on what constructions or modes of access are allowed, and what their characteristics are.

Abstract: A static type, called “dynamic”, is introduced into a statically bound programming language. An expression or subexpression that is defined as a static type called “dynamic” in the source code of a program written in the statically bound programming language, is bound based on its runtime type instead of on its compile time type. Binding can be performed based on a mixture of compile time and runtime types that are based on the specification of types of expressions in source code. This type of binding is called hybrid binding. Operations are bound using the runtime type of constituent expressions (i.e., the runtime type of a receiver, an argument, or an operand) typed as dynamic and the compile time type of static constituents. If any constituent expression of an operation is dynamic, binding occurs at runtime instead of at compile time.