Abstract: A carrier material for a tool for treating surfaces is composed of a metal alloy with a homogeneous, fine-grained structure. The carrier material is treated in a material removing manner to obtain a predetermined size and a roughness. Then an activating layer, a pure metal layer and a transition layer composed for example from nitrogen are applied, so that the outermost region of the tool contains a non-metallic hard layer. The non-metallic hard layer has a high hardness and elasticity so that the tool is suitable especially for treating surfaces of structural parts.

Abstract: A tool for machining of openings, shafts and the like has a body having concentrical stepped cylindrical working regions, grooves provided between the working regions, and transitional regions arranged between the grooves and the cylindrical working regions. The transitional regions extend substantially tangentially in a machining direction and a deformation process of an outer surface of the workpiece to be machined is performed without material removal by compression.

Abstract: A membrane which serves as the movable valve member of a valve such as a distribution and apportionment valve of a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines, the membrane having at least one area intended for clamping purposes, at least one area of elasticity, and at least one control area, whereby the control area has a greater thickness than does the elastic area. The clamping area of the membrane may be provided with a photographic lacquer layer (negative lacquer) which serves as a sealing means and as protection against corrosion between the membrane and the valve housing. The invention further includes a method for fabricating the membrane onto which an adherent metallic layer is applied either by galvanic means or in a chemical bath.

Abstract: An electro-fluidic signal converter has a body provided with an inlet and two outlets for pressure fluid. The body is composed of a pair of outer non-magnetic plates and a plurality of laminated-together inner magnetizable plates which are fluid-tightly sandwiched between the outer plates. The inner plates have respective plate portions which together constitute a body section that is resiliently deflectable out of a neutral position, and this body section is formed with a fluid channel which communicates with the inlet and has a discharge orifice that communicates equally with both of the outlets when the body section is in its neutral position. An electromagnet is located adjacent the body and is energizable to thereby deflect the body section out of its neutral position to one of a plurality of operated positions in which the discharge orifice communicates preferentially with one of the outlets. A method of making the body is also disclosed.

Abstract: A thin sheet of metal is first etched in accordance with similar patterns after exposure through masks, from both sides, to form parallel strips which, preferably, extend to integral connecting elements and may, also, include printed circuit connections or components; one of the sides of the strips, additionally, includes transverse cross connections to provide for mechanical attachment of the parallel strips, permitting application of the parallel strips to a substrate, for subsequent removal, so that the resulting electrode will be a plurality of closely spaced parallel strips applied, for example by an adhesive, on a substrate, integral with connecting portions for a printed circuit.