Abstract: The inventive apparatus for the execution of endothermic reactions between gaseous reactants at heightened temperture and increased pressure encompasses the following main components:an inner isolating hull (33) for conveying the feed substances from their inlet (E) along the clearance between the pressure wall (31) of the apparatus and the hull,a tube-bundle heat exchanger (39'), placed within the hull for the internal heat recovery, whereby the feed substances are outside of the tubes (39) of the heat exchanger,a catalyst material, disposed in the lower part of the heat exchanger and/or after it in flowing direction.heating means (37, 37") arranged within the catalyst material for the supply of heat energy to the reactants at the region of the final conversion, whereby the reaction products proceed inside of the tubes, with heat delivery to the entering feed substances to the outlet of the apparatus.Processes for producing a hydrogen-rich gas may be carred out by using an apparatus as indicated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of material mixtures by means of mass transfer of different phases, which at least partly circulate in countercurrent in a closed circuit in which part of the mass transfer devices are operated at a higher temperature or pressure and another part thereof are operated at a lower temperature or pressure. The separating effects are achieved in that at least one third of one of the components of the mixtures also changes phase state with respect to the particular temperature or pressure change.The process is particularly suitable for the separation of methane and argon from the synthesis circuit of an ammonia plant. The otherwise conventional hydrogen and ammonia are largely avoided. The process requires neither compressors nor high pressure pumps nor low-temperature devices.

Abstract: In the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons and water vapor a large portion of the heat which is required for heating the feedstock to the reaction temperature as well as for the endothermic reaction is recovered from the sensible heat of the reaction products. Additional heat is supplied by means of electric heating. An apparatus intended for carrying out the process comprises a recuperator, a reactor chamber and an additional heater housed in a common pressure shell.