Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to provide a ranking of subjects or objects identified as results of a search, where “topicality specialization” and “relative topicality specialization” of the objects is computed and considered. The relative topicality specialization of an object is a function of the share of citations for the object matching the query term among all citations for all objects matching the query term. The computation of the topicality specialization and the relative topicality specialization for objects allow the identification of “specialized objects” for “topics” without any pre-defined categorization of topics or pre-computation of expertise.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to provide query suggestions including real-time suggestion of complete query terms, which can be phrases, to a user by analyzing and indexing the real-time history/stream of content or documents in addition to the stream of queries entered. Since the real-time indexing generates a count of potential results for each term found and/or indexed in the stream, the terms found in that stream can then be used as potential query suggestions, knowing that it will be possible to provide results for those queries.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to examine and determine quality of objects cited by citations in a search result based on a citation graph that includes citing subjects, citations, and cited objects. First, influence scores of a plurality of subjects/sources that compose the citations of the objects in the search result are calculated. The quality of the objects cited by the subjects can then be determined by examining the influence scores for the subjects of the citations. Finally, the cited objects selected can be presented to a user or provided to a thirty party for further processing together with the relevant citations and citing subjects.