Abstract: A scintillation detector comprising a solid luminophor with a photomultiplier tube having its face abutting one surface of the luminophor to receive light generated in the luminophor by impinging radiation. The luminophor 11 includes polished outer surfaces 12 covered by light reflective opaque material 13 such as a thin aluminum foil or mylar coated with an aluminum reflecting film. The metal film blocks ambient and internal light while allowing radiation such as gamma rays or beta particles to penetrate, strike the luminophor and cause scintillation. Light emitted by the scintillation is directed through opening 14 to strike the face of photomultiplier tube 16.

Abstract: A transcutaneous gas sensor for application to the skin of a patient for bloodless measurement of a partial gas pressure comprises a separable sensing cell and a circumferential heater, the heater being in direct thermal contact with the skin of the patient but not in contact with the permeable sensing face of the sensor cell. A differential temperature measuring thermocouple is utilized to monitor the temperature of the patient's skin and the temperature of the heater to provide a warning of a decrease in local perfusion in the area of the sensing cell.