Abstract: A method for wellbore perforation in which a section of the wellbore to be perforated is isolated and purged of wellbore fluid to provide a clear path for laser beam transmittal. A laser beam emitter in the purged wellbore section transmits a laser beam pulse from the laser beam emitter to a target area of a sidewall and formation lithology of the purged wellbore section, thereby altering a mechanical property of a material of the sidewall and formation lithology and producing material debris. A liquid jet pulse of a liquid is transmitted immediately following termination of the laser beam pulse to the target area, thereby removing the material debris from the target area. This cycle is then repeated until the desired perforation depth has been achieved.

Abstract: A method for wellbore perforation in which a section of the wellbore to be perforated is isolated and purged of wellbore fluid to provide a clear path for laser beam transmittal. A laser beam emitter in the purged wellbore section transmits a laser beam pulse from the laser beam emitter to a target area of a sidewall and formation lithology of the purged wellbore section, thereby altering a mechanical property of a material of the sidewall and formation lithology and producing material debris. A liquid jet pulse of a liquid is transmitted immediately following termination of the laser beam pulse to the target area, thereby removing the material debris from the target area. This cycle is then repeated until the desired perforation depth has been achieved.

Abstract: A downhole oil and water separator for an oil well includes a water-selective membrane disposed in a production flowpath of the well. The water-selective membrane is operable to selectively pass water from the production flowpath to a disposal zone to increase the concentration of oil in the production flowpath at the surface.

Abstract: An energy storage device for powering a downhole tool may be heated to an effective temperature to improve the operability of the energy storage device. The energy storage device may comprise, for example, a primary battery, a secondary battery, a fuel cell, a capacitor, or combinations thereof. The effective temperature to which the energy storage device is heated may be greater than an ambient temperature in the wellbore near the energy storage device. The energy storage device may be heated using various heat sources such as an ohmic resistive heater, a heat pump, an exothermic reaction, a power generator, a heat transfer medium, the energy storage device itself, a downhole tool, or combinations thereof. A thermal conductor may extend between the heat source and the energy storage device. Further, a thermal insulator may at least partially surround the heat source and the energy storage device.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for removably mounting a hopper spreader to a trailer hitch of a vehicle includes an elongated mounting bar adapted to be secured to the hopper spreader and a hitch adapter carried by the mounting bar which is adapted to be received by the trailer hitch for supporting the hopper spreader on the vehicle. A stabilizing assembly carried by the mounting bar includes stabilizing arms that extend outwardly on opposite sides of the hitch adapter for engaging an undersurface of the vehicle for stabilizing the hopper spreader against rotation about the trailer hitch.

Abstract: A hopper spreader apparatus adapted for mounting to a vehicle, to be towed by a vehicle or to be pushed by hand, includes a sprayer apparatus for spraying liquid material as well as dispensing dry free-flow material. The hopper spreader apparatus includes a variable discharge mechanism, allowing adjustment of both the flow rate and the distribution pattern of the dry free-flow material particulate material being dispensed. The operation of the hopper spreader apparatus can be controlled remotely using radio frequency (RF) signaling. The hopper spreader apparatus obtains electrical power from an on-board battery and includes a battery charger to allow the battery to be charged when the hopper spreader apparatus is not in use.

Abstract: A variable discharge mechanism for a hopper spreader apparatus includes first and second flow control members that allow varying the discharge rate by providing relative rotation between flow gate members to adjust the size of a delivery opening and thus the discharge volume flow rate. The distribution pattern can be changed by changing the location of the delivery opening with respect to an axis extending in the direction of travel of the vehicle.

Abstract: An improved snow plow blade is disclosed which has a fixed upper plow blade and a pivoting lower trip blade mounted on the swing frame of the snow plow with the axis of rotation of the trip blade being directly in line with the swing frame and the support frame of the snow plow. Since the axis of rotation of the trip edge blade is located at the height of the vertical center of the swing frame (and is thereby in the same horizontal plane), the forces imparted to the swing frame will be essentially compressive in nature rather than including a torsional element as well. The trip edge blade and the trip edge springs used to bias the trip edge blade into an untripped position are substantially supported by the swing frame of the snow plow rather than being supported from the upper plow blade. The trip edge blade is also sufficiently high to prevent damage to the upper snow plow blade due to impacts with curbs or other high obstacles.

Abstract: An improved apex snow plow having reversible wings is disclosed in which each wing frame is constructed to be used on either side of the snow plow to eliminate the need for two separately designed and constructed snow plow wings. The reversible wings are easily secured to the center portion of the snow plow and are removable to facilitate replacement. The reversible wings of the snow plow of the present invention can be arranged into any desired configuration via a hydraulic system positioned near the bottom of each wing, thereby allowing each wing to be lighter than and more effective than conventional apex snow plow blade designs.

Abstract: A video monitoring system is disclosed which may be used by the operator of a vehicle to guide the approach of the vehicle to an implement or a trailer or the like to bring connecting members of a hitch mechanism respectively located on the vehicle and on the implement or trailer into alignment and engagement with each other. A video camera is installed onto either the vehicle in the closest possible proximity to the hitch latching mechanism and is directed toward an alignment indicia located on the implement or trailer. A video monitor in the cab of the vehicle displays the video image “seen” by the video camera of the alignment indicia, allowing the vehicle to be driven into a position in which the implement or trailer may be hitched to the vehicle.

Abstract: An improved snow plow for use with light and medium duty trucks is disclosed which has a hitch mounting mechanism and method that enables the snow plow to be easily and quickly mounted to and detached from a truck without requiring tools. The snow plow hitch mounting mechanism has four points of attachment between a snow plow-mounted hitching apparatus and a hitch frame mounted at the front of a truck, two points of attachment being at each side. The lower points of attachment are made by initially engaging the snow plow-mounted hitching apparatus with the hitch frame, with the upper points of attachment being engaged by using a releasable retaining mechanism.

Abstract: Screen assemblies (40, 42) and a single trip method for selectively fracturing multiple formations (14, 16) traversed by a wellbore (32) are disclosed. Each formation (14, 16) has a screen assembly (40, 42) having a plurality of valves (60, 66) positioned adjacent thereto. During the treatment process, the formations (14, 16) are selectively treated with a treatment fluid that is pumped into the interior of the adjacent screen assembly (40, 42). The valves (60, 66) of the respective screen assemblies (40, 42) progressively allow the treatment fluid to exit from the interior to the exterior of the screen assemblies (40, 42) such that each formation (14, 16) is progressively fractured.

Abstract: Screen assemblies (40, 42) and a single trip method for selectively fracturing multiple formations (14, 16) traversed by a wellbore (32) are disclosed. Each formation (14, 16) has a screen assembly (40, 42) having a plurality of valves (60, 66) positioned adjacent thereto. During the treatment process, the formations (14, 16) are selectively treated with a treatment fluid that is pumped into the interior of the adjacent screen assembly (40, 42). The valves (60, 66) of the respective screen assemblies (40, 42) progressively allow the treatment fluid to exit from the interior to the exterior of the screen assemblies (40, 42) such that each formation (14, 16) is progressively fractured.

Abstract: A calibration method provides enhanced accuracy in calibrating outputs of sensors. In embodiments described herein, the outputs of one or more sensors are input to a neural network and the neural network is trained to generate calibrated outputs in response thereto. In one method, the neural network is trained to simulate the output of a known accurate reference sensor in response to input to the neural network of the output of a subject sensor. In another method, the neural network is trained to simulate the output of a known accurate reference sensor in response to input to the neural network of the output of a subject sensor and the output of a second sensor. Additional methods are provided which compensate for changes in a stimulus applied to a sensor, the output which is indicative of another stimulus.

Abstract: A downhole power generator produces electrical power for use by downhole tools. In a described embodiment, a downhole power generator includes a member that is vibrated in response to fluid flow through a housing. Vibration of the member causes a power generating assembly to generate electrical power.

Abstract: A method and system to passively monitor cement integrity and reservoir/formation parameters near the wellbore at all depths and orientations outside a wellbore. Different types (pressure, temperature, resistivity, rock property, formation property etc.) of sensors are “pumped” into place by placing them into a suspension in the cement slurry at the time a well casing is being cemented, by placing them in gravel pack used in frackpacking, or by a deflected drilling tool. The sensors are either battery operated, or of a type where external excitation, (EMF, acoustic, RF etc.) may be applied to power and operate the sensor, which will send a signal conveying the desired information. The sensor is then be energized and interrogated using a separate piece of wellbore deployed equipment whenever it is desired to monitor cement or formation conditions. This wellbore deployed equipment could be, for example, a wireline tool.

Abstract: Current measurement apparatus and methods are disclosed to measure load DC output current on the secondary side of a high frequency transformer in a switched power supply. Current in the primary side of the transformer is detected with a current transformer, which produces a voltage across a resistance proportional to the primary current in the high frequency transformer. Averaging of the voltage across the resistance is performed during periods of power transfer in the high frequency transformer and held by a capacitor until the next period of power transfer. The held voltage is used to determine the true load DC output current on the secondary side of the high frequency transformer by the turns ratio relationship of the secondary current to the primary current of the high frequency transformer.

Abstract: A method and system is shown to passively monitor cement integrity within a wellbore. Different types of sensors (pressure, temperature, resistivity, rock property, formation property etc.) are “pumped” into place by placing them into a suspension in the cement slurry at the time a well casing is being cemented. The sensors are either battery operated, or of a type where external excitation, (EMF, acoustic, RF etc.) may be applied to power and operate the sensor, which will send a signal conveying the desired information. The sensor is then energized and interrogated using a separate piece of wellbore deployed equipment whenever it is desired to monitor cement conditions. This wellbore deployed equipment could be, for example, a wireline tool.

Abstract: A downhole power generator produces electrical power for use by downhole tools. In a described embodiment, a downhole power generator includes a member that is vibrated in response to fluid flow through a housing. Vibration of the member causes a power generating assembly to generate electrical power.

Abstract: A downhole tool for early formation evaluation is disclosed. The tool comprising a housing having a fluid passageway and a mandrel having an interior volume. The mandrel is slidably disposed within the housing and has a plurality of axial positions relative to the housing. The mandrel is slidably operated responsive to the fluid pressure within the interior volume such that the mandrel cycles through said plurality of positions. A retractor sleeve is operably associated with the housing and the mandrel for engaging the mandrel and slidably urging the mandrel relative to the housing. The retractor sleeve is slidably operated responsive to the fluid pressure within the interior volume. A seal assembly is slidably disposed around the housing. The seal assembly includes a floating piston.