Abstract: A method includes accessing information stored for positions along a road and using the accessed information to identify an expected trajectory for a vehicle. Position information for the vehicle is received from a global positioning system for two different time points and is used to determine a trajectory of the vehicle. The trajectory of the vehicle and the expected trajectory are used to determine a lateral offset of the vehicle from the expected trajectory and the lateral offset is used to determine when to issue a lane departure warning for the vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a wireless communication system capable of receiving position information for a plurality of workers in a work zone and a position system capable of providing position information for a piece of movable equipment in the work zone. A processor is capable of receiving the position information for the plurality of workers and the position information for the movable equipment and is capable of determining the position of the workers relative to the position of the movable equipment.

Abstract: A method includes accessing information stored for positions along a road and using the accessed information to identify an expected trajectory for a vehicle. Position information for the vehicle is received from a global positioning system for two different time points and is used to determine a trajectory of the vehicle. The trajectory of the vehicle and the expected trajectory are used to determine a lateral offset of the vehicle from the expected trajectory and the lateral offset is used to determine when to issue a lane departure warning for the vehicle.

Abstract: A road sign includes a display and a controller having a memory for storing messages to be shown on the display and providing signals to the display to show at least one stored message on the display. A communication link receives information issued for a vehicle, generates a message from the received information, and provides the generated message to the controller with instructions to show the generated message on the display.

Abstract: Position coordinates from a second vehicle are received at a first vehicle using a dedicated short range communication protocol. The position coordinates from the second vehicle include an error. Position coordinates for the first vehicle are received from a positioning system in the first vehicle where the position coordinates for the first vehicle also includes the error. The position coordinates from the second vehicle and the position coordinates from the first vehicle are used to determine a relative distance and orientation between the first vehicle and the second vehicle such that the error is reduced in the relative distance and orientation.

Abstract: A vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit includes a vehicle communication transceiver that transmits and receives messages to and from other vehicles. The messages include at least one safety message from another vehicle that indicates that the other vehicle has decreased its velocity. The vehicle-vehicle communication unit also includes a processor that based on the safety message generates a message for other vehicles indicating that the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit has designated itself as an ad hoc host for determining information about a congested area on a roadway.

Abstract: A message is received in a vehicle together with a description of a geographic path that the message is to travel along. The vehicle's geographic position along the geographic path is determined and a message broadcast time for rebroadcasting the message based on the vehicle's geographic position is determined. The message is rebroadcast with the description of the geographic path at the message broadcast time. Many examples and different variations are presented here.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a wireless communication system capable of receiving position information for a plurality of workers in a work zone and a position system capable of providing position information for a piece of movable equipment in the work zone. A processor is capable of receiving the position information for the plurality of workers and the position information for the movable equipment and is capable of determining the position of the workers relative to the position of the movable equipment.

Abstract: An optical communication system combines strong electrical pre-filtering of data at the transmitter and digital feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to enhance spectral efficiency. The system can be applied to optical networking and digital communication systems, including binary modulated systems optical network systems.

Abstract: A vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit includes a vehicle communication transceiver that transmits and receives messages to and from other vehicles. The messages include at least one safety message from another vehicle that indicates that the other vehicle has decreased its velocity. The vehicle-vehicle communication unit also includes a processor that based on the safety message generates a message for other vehicles indicating that the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit has designated itself as an ad hoc host for determining information about a congested area on a roadway.

Abstract: A road sign includes a display and a controller having a memory for storing messages to be shown on the display and providing signals to the display to show at least one stored message on the display. A communication link receives information issued for a vehicle, generates a message from the received information, and provides the generated message to the controller with instructions to show the generated message on the display.

Abstract: In various embodiments, electronic apparatus, systems, and methods include electronic compensation of nonlinearity in optical communication. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical communication system combines strong electrical pre-filtering of data at the transmitter and digital feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to enhance spectral efficiency. The system can be applied to optical networking and digital communication systems, including binary modulated systems optical network systems.

Abstract: In various embodiments, electronic apparatus, systems, and methods include electronic compensation of nonlinearity in optical communication. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: In various embodiments, electronic apparatus, systems, and methods include electronic compensation of nonlinearity in optical communication. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical communication system combines strong electrical pre-filtering of data at the transmitter and digital feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to enhance spectral efficiency. The system can be applied to optical networking and digital communication systems, including binary modulated systems optical network systems.

Abstract: An optical communication system combines strong electrical pre-filtering of data at the transmitter and digital feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to enhance spectral efficiency. The system can be applied to optical networking and digital communication systems, including binary modulated systems optical network systems.

Abstract: An optical communication system configured to operate with optical signals at lower signal to noise ratios than previously contemplated. The communication system includes a receiver having an optical pre-processor coupled between a demultiplexer and a detector. The optical pre-processor includes either an optical polarization section having a polarization rotator and an optical polarizer, a phase modulation section that includes a phase modulator and a dispersion element and a clock recovery circuit, or an amplitude modulation section that includes an amplitude modulator clock recovery circuit and a spectral shaping filter.

Abstract: An optical communication system combines strong electrical pre-filtering of data at the transmitter and digital feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to enhance spectral efficiency. The system can be applied to optical networking and digital communication systems, including binary modulated systems optical network systems.

Abstract: An optical asynchronous chirp device having an input port and an output port, comprising first and second optical phase modulators optically connected in series between the input port and the output port of the device, a local oscillator connected to the first and second phase modulators, and a phase shifter connected between the local oscillator and one of the phase modulators, and systems and methods related thereto.