Abstract: A sample for atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy includes a substrate, a measurement portion provided on the substrate and having a first light absorption intensity when a light of a first wavelength is irradiated thereon, and a first film provided on the measurement portion and having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the measurement portion and a second light absorption intensity, which is less than the first light absorption intensity, when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated thereon.

Abstract: A sample for atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy includes a substrate, a measurement portion provided on the substrate and having a first light absorption intensity when a light of a first wavelength is irradiated thereon, and a first film provided on the measurement portion and having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the measurement portion and a second light absorption intensity, which is less than the first light absorption intensity, when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated thereon.

Abstract: An organic photoelectric conversion device of the embodiment includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the anode and the cathode. The organic photoelectric conversion layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (1). [In the general formula (1), U, V, and W each independently represents a nitrogen-containing 6-membered aromatic ring which may have a substituent or a benzene ring which may have a substituent, at least one of U, V and W represents the nitrogen-containing 6-membered aromatic ring which may have a substituent, X represents any one of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, and an aryloxy group which may have a substituent.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-shielding layer and a microlens array. The light-shielding layer includes a plurality of openings. The microlens array is divided into a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the respective plurality of openings. A refractive index of the microlens array is variable so that light is incident on the microlenses is focused on the respective plurality of openings. A portion where light is focused includes a central position of the corresponding opening.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device includes: a first electrode unit including a first substrate transparent to light, a light-transmitting layer formed on the first substrate, and a first electrode formed on the light-transmitting layer and being transparent to light, the light-transmitting layer including recesses formed on a surface facing the first electrode, arranged in a first direction, and extending in a second direction; a second electrode unit including a second substrate, the second substrate being transparent to light, and two second electrodes formed on the second substrate, the second electrodes being arranged in the second direction and extending along the first direction; a liquid crystal layer located between the first and second electrode units; a first polarizing plate located on an opposite side of the second electrode unit from the liquid crystal layer; and a drive unit that applies voltages to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An organic photoelectric conversion devise of the embodiment includes a charge transport layer comprised of a plurality of isomers containing a compound represented by a following general formula (1) and an enantiomer of the following general formula (1). In the general formula (1), A1, A2 and A3 respectively represent a different substituent group.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical device includes first and second substrate units and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate having a first major surface, and a first electrode extending along a first direction. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and a first opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate unit and the second substrate unit and includes a first portion provided on a side of the first substrate unit and a second portion provided on a side of the second substrate unit. The first portion has a vertical alignment. The second portion has a horizontal alignment. A long axis of liquid crystal molecules in the second portion aligns along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device according to an embodiment includes: a liquid crystal optical element including a first electrode having a first recess and a projecting portion surrounding the first recess on a first surface, a second electrode facing the first surface of the first electrode, a filling film located between the first recess of the first electrode and the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer located between the filling film and the second electrode; an imaging lens facing the second electrode to form an image of a subject on an imaging plane; and an imaging element facing the first recess, the imaging element having a pixel block having a plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device of an embodiment includes: a first substrate unit; a second substrate unit; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate unit and the second substrate unit. The liquid crystal molecules on a side of a first alignment layer of the first substrate unit is aligned perpendicularly to a first principal surface of the first substrate unit while the liquid crystal molecules on a side of a second alignment layer of the second substrate unit are aligned horizontally along a second direction. The opposing electrode includes: a first region and a second region, the first region has N first openings, and the second region includes M second openings, N being an integer of 0 or greater, M being an integer of 1 or greater, M being greater than N.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a solid-state image sensing device includes an organic photoelectric conversion layer. The organic photoelectric conversion layer includes an organic semiconductor material and an organic dye. The organic semiconductor material selectively absorbs light having one of three primary colors selected from blue light, green light, and red light. The organic semiconductor material allows the other two of primary colors of light to be transmitted therethrough. The organic dye is dispersed in the organic semiconductor material. The organic dye receives energy less than excitation energy of the organic semiconductor material.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-shielding layer and a microlens array. The light-shielding layer includes a plurality of openings. The microlens array is divided into a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the respective plurality of openings. A refractive index of the microlens array is variable so that light is incident on the microlenses is focused on the respective plurality of openings. A portion where light is focused includes a central position of the corresponding opening.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal optical element, a first substrate includes a first main surface. A second substrate includes a second main surface opposed to the first main surface. First electrodes are provided on the first main surface. Common electrodes are provided on the second main surface. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first main surface and the second main surface. A first alignment layer is formed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. A second alignment layer is formed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment layer has an anchoring force that is weaker than an anchoring force of the second alignment layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a first alignment film, a second alignment film, spacers and a liquid crystal layer. The first electrode includes a plurality of lens parts. The second electrode opposes the first electrode. The first alignment film is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second alignment film is formed between the first alignment film and the second electrode. The spacers are provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The spacers are regularly arranged, each at edges of the lens parts. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first alignment film and the second alignment film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an organic photoelectric conversion element has a positive electrode, a first charge transport layer, an organic photoelectric conversion, a second charge transport layer and a negative electrode, in this order. The first charge transport layer contains a first charge transport material having a LUMO level equal to or greater than that of the organic photoelectric conversion layer. The second charge transport layer contains a second charge transport material having a HOMO level equal to or less than that of the organic photoelectric conversion layer. The first charge transport layer contains an electron trapping/scattering material that has a HOMO level which is +0.5 eV or more, or ?0.5 eV or less, than the HOMO level of the first charge transport material, and has a LUMO level which is between ?0.5 eV to +0.5 eV of the LUMO level of the first electron transport material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device of an embodiment includes: a first substrate unit; a second substrate unit; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate unit and the second substrate unit. The liquid crystal molecules on a side of a first alignment layer of the first substrate unit is aligned perpendicularly to a first principal surface of the first substrate unit while the liquid crystal molecules on a side of a second alignment layer of the second substrate unit are aligned horizontally along a second direction. The opposing electrode includes: a first region and a second region, the first region has N first openings, and the second region includes M second openings, N being an integer of 0 or greater, M being an integer of 1 or greater, M being greater than N.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device according to an embodiment includes: a liquid crystal optical element including a first electrode having a first recess and a projecting portion surrounding the first recess on a first surface, a second electrode facing the first surface of the first electrode, a filling film located between the first recess of the first electrode and the second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer located between the filling film and the second electrode; an imaging lens facing the second electrode to form an image of a subject on an imaging plane; and an imaging element facing the first recess, the imaging element having a pixel block having a plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device includes: a first electrode unit including a first substrate transparent to light, a light-transmitting layer formed on the first substrate, and a first electrode formed on the light-transmitting layer and being transparent to light, the light-transmitting layer including recesses formed on a surface facing the first electrode, arranged in a first direction, and extending in a second direction; a second electrode unit including a second substrate, the second substrate being transparent to light, and two second electrodes formed on the second substrate, the second electrodes being arranged in the second direction and extending along the first direction; a liquid crystal layer located between the first and second electrode units; a first polarizing plate located on an opposite side of the second electrode unit from the liquid crystal layer; and a drive unit that applies voltages to the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical device includes first and second substrate units and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate having a first major surface, and a first electrode extending along a first direction. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate and a first opposing electrode. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the first substrate unit and the second substrate unit and includes a first portion provided on a side of the first substrate unit and a second portion provided on a side of the second substrate unit. The first portion has a vertical alignment. The second portion has a horizontal alignment. A long axis of liquid crystal molecules in the second portion aligns along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a liquid crystal optical element includes a first substrate unit, a second substrate unit and a liquid crystal layer provided therebetween. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate, a plurality of first electrodes provided thereon and a second electrode provided between two most proximal first electrodes. The second electrode is asymmetric with respect to a central axis between one electrode of the two most proximal first electrodes and the other electrode thereof. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate opposing the first substrate, and an opposing electrode provided on the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer has a first portion on the first substrate unit side and a second portion on the second substrate unit side; and a liquid crystal in the first portion has a vertical alignment, and a liquid crystal in the second portion has a horizontal alignment.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a support substrate, first electrodes, second electrodes, a counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first and second electrodes are provided on a surface of the support substrate. The first and second electrodes are alternately arranged. A counter substrate opposes the surface. The liquid crystal layer is held between the support substrate and the counter substrate. 0.7?D/(L+S)?2 is satisfied. L is an average width of at least two of the first electrodes and at least two of the second electrodes. S is an average distance between at least two pairs of adjacent ones of the first and second electrodes. D is a distance between the support substrate and the counter substrate.