Abstract: The present application provides compositions and methods comprising milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) for use in preserving probiotic viability and/or improving probiotic tolerance to bile stress.

Abstract: The present application provides nutritional compositions comprising human milk oligosaccharides, for use in providing nutrition to infants at different age stages.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and nutritional composition for improving the microbiome and metabolic profile of a pediatric subject, which includes administering to a pediatric subject a composition having up to about 7 g/100 kCal of a protein or protein equivalent source; up to about 7 g/100 kCal of a fat or lipid source; at least about 5 g/100 kCal of a carbohydrate; at least about 0.05 mg/100 kCal of bacterial metabolites produced by microbiota fermentation; and either a probiotic or a prebiotic composition, or both.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally provides nutritional compositions that are useful for promoting beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of a Cesarean-section (C-section)-delivered infant. The nutritional composition can include a prebiotic composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and/or polydextrose (PDX). The present disclosure also provides methods for promoting the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of C-section-delivered infants comprising administering to a C-section-delivered infant the disclosed nutritional composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to pediatric nutritional compositions including galacto-oligosaccharide and human milk oligosaccharide or a precursor thereof. Further, the nutritional compositions may include GOS in combination with a first human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof and a second human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof. The disclosed nutritional compositions advantageously modify gut microbiome and improve select markers of immunity, brain structure, and gut function.