Abstract: Combustion system comprising a furnace having a thermal load and a combustion atmosphere disposed therein; one or more fuel lances adapted to inject fuel into the combustion atmosphere; and one or more igniters associated with the one or more fuel lances and adapted to ignite the fuel injected by the one or more fuel lances into the combustion atmosphere.

Abstract: A nozzle comprising a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face. Each slot has a slot axis and the slot axis of at least one of the slots is not parallel to the inlet flow axis of the nozzle body. In another embodiment, the nozzle comprises a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face, each slot having a slot axis, wherein none of the slots intersect other slots and all of the slots are in fluid flow communication with a common fluid supply conduit. The nozzles may be used to inject secondary fuel in a burner system having a central burner combusting a primary fuel surrounded by secondary fuel injection nozzles.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: A nozzle comprising a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face. Each slot has a slot axis and the slot axis of at least one of the slots is not parallel to the inlet flow axis of the nozzle body. In another embodiment, the nozzle comprises a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face, each slot having a slot axis, wherein none of the slots intersect other slots and all of the slots are in fluid flow communication with a common fluid supply conduit. The nozzles may be used to inject secondary fuel in a burner system having a central burner combusting a primary fuel surrounded by secondary fuel injection nozzles.

Abstract: A symmetric device for stabilization of a flame includes a primary oxidant pipe and a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe is internal to the primary oxidant pipe creating a primary oxidant conduit. A secondary oxidant pipe is internal to the fuel pipe creating a fuel conduit. A primary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the primary oxidant conduit. A fuel source supplies fuel to the fuel conduit. A secondary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the secondary oxidant pipe. The first oxidant velocity is greater than the second oxidant velocity and the fuel velocity is less than the second oxidant velocity. The primary oxidant pipe end extends past the fuel pipe forward end and the fuel pipe forward end extends past the secondary oxidant pipe end. A mismatch in velocity between fuel and oxidant generates a large scale vortex. An asymmetric embodiment is also provided.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: A symmetric device for stabilization of a flame includes a primary oxidant pipe and a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe is internal to the primary oxidant pipe creating a primary oxidant conduit. A secondary oxidant pipe is internal to the fuel pipe creating a fuel conduit. A primary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the primary oxidant conduit. A fuel source supplies fuel to the fuel conduit. A secondary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the secondary oxidant pipe. The first oxidant velocity is greater than the second oxidant velocity and the fuel velocity is less than the second oxidant velocity. The primary oxidant pipe end extends past the fuel pipe forward end and the fuel pipe forward end extends past the secondary oxidant pipe end. A mismatch in velocity between fuel and oxidant generates a large scale vortex. An asymmetric embodiment is also provided.