Abstract: Ester oils that (1) correspond to the formula ROOC-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -(ROOC-CHCH.sub.2).sub.m -C(COOR).sub.2 -(CH.sub.2 CHCOOR).sub.n -CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOR in which the R's represent alkyl groups of 1-30 carbons and the sum of m and n in the molecules is an average of 0-30 and (2) have viscosities suitable for refrigeration lubricants can be given excellent miscibility with fluorohydrocarbon refrigerants, such as R-134a, when at least 10% of the R groups contain 1-4 carbons.

Abstract: Seals contacted with lubricants, such as poly-.alpha.-olefin lubricants, are made to swell rather than shrink by the use of novel seal-swell agents which are effective even when used in amounts constituting less than 5% of the weight of the lubricant compositions. These seal-swell agents are ester oils composed of molecules corresponding to the formula ROOC--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --[(ROOC)CHCH.sub.2 ].sub.m --C(COOR).sub.2 --[CH.sub.2 CH(COOR)].sub.n --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOR in which the R's represent alkyl groups of 1-30 carbons, and each of m and n represents zero or a positive integer such that the sum of m and n in a molecule is 0-30.

Abstract: Compounds varying from liquids to solids can be prepared via a reaction in which at least one Michael donor is reacted with one or more Michael acceptors in the presence of an undissolved basic compound as the catalyst.

Abstract: Dialkyl malonate/alkyl acrylate Michael addition product mixtures having at least three acceptor moieties in a substantial number of the molecules can be consistently prepared without the need for long reaction times or the use of a large excess of the acceptor when the reaction is effected by gradually adding one molar proportion of a dialkyl malonate to at least three molar proportions of an alkyl acrylate which has been preheated to 60.degree.-80.degree. C. in admixture with an initiator and a phase transfer catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the preheated mixture is maintained at 60.degree.-80.degree. C. for at least one hour before the dialkyl malonate is added in order to increase the percentage of product composed of the heavier components.

Abstract: Neopolyol derivatives in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups is replaced with a substituent that corresponds to the formula --O--R--C(O)--OR' wherein R is an alkylene group containing 2-5 carbons and R' is a hydrocarbyl or predominantly hydrocarbyl group containing 1-30 carbons are oils which have utility as lubricants. Those in which R' is a hydrocarbyl group of 1-10 carbons are completely miscible with 1,1,1,2 -tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), a refrigerant.

Abstract: A refrigeration lubricant suitable for use with R-134a-type refrigerants comprises at least one dialkanolamine diester-amide oil corresponding to one of the formulas: ##STR1## in which formulas R is a hydrocarbylene group containing 1-10 carbons; n represents zero or one; each R' is independently selected from alkylene groups containing 1-10 carbons; R" is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1-10 carbons; and each G, when not linked with another G, is independently selected from hydrocarbyl groups containing 1-10 carbons or, when linked with another G, is a hydrocarbylene group which, together with the colinked G, forms a hydrocarbylene group containing 1-10 carbons.