Abstract: An object is to restrict the giving of points according to an object of payment for which payment was made with electronic money. An electronic money server (FIG. 11) receives transaction information in which a breakdown of the amount of payment of an electronic money card used in one payment processing is recorded and breakdown information in which a breakdown of the amount of payment for each object of payment in this payment processing is recorded. The breakdown includes a normal item into which general products are classified, a tax-free item into which tax-free articles such as a postage stamp are classified, and a collected item into which public utility rates collected by an agency payment service are classified. Among these breakdown items, points are given to the amount of payment made for a normal item, and no points are given to the others.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic particle composite body comprising a layer of a substrate formed of a plastically deformable solid material and an inorganic particle layer that is composed of inorganic particles that do not plastically deform under a condition under which the solid material plastically deforms, that contains gaps defined by the inorganic particles, and that adjoins the layer of the substrate, wherein part of the solid material is in at least part of the gaps in the inorganic particle layer.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic particle composite body comprising a layer of a substrate formed of a plastically deformable solid material and an inorganic particle layer that is composed of inorganic particles that do not plastically deform under a condition under which the solid material plastically deforms, that contains gaps defined by the inorganic particles, and that adjoins the layer of the substrate, wherein part of the solid material is in at least part of the gaps in the inorganic particle layer.

Abstract: A method for producing an inorganic particle composite body formed of a mixture of a plastically deformable metal, and inorganic particles that do not plastically deform under a condition under which the metal plastically deforms, wherein the method comprises: a step of preparing an inorganic particles structural body that is formed of a mixture of the metal and the inorganic particles and that contains a vacant space therein, and a step of plastically deforming the metal in the structural body.

Abstract: A method for producing a layered article having a layer of particles stacked on a substrate, including the following steps: (1): preparing a mixed particle dispersion liquid by dispersing, in a liquid dispersion medium, inorganic particle chains (A) in a volume fraction of from 0.30 to 0.84, each of the chains being composed of three or more particles with a particle diameter of from 10 to 60 nm attached to each other in a chain form, inorganic particles (B) having an average particle diameter of from 1 to 20 nm in a volume fraction of from 0.10 to 0.45, and particles (C) having an average particle diameter Dc of larger than 20 nm in a volume fraction of from 0.06 to 0.25, (2): applying the mixed particle dispersion liquid onto the substrate, and (3): removing the liquid dispersion medium from the mixed particle dispersion liquid applied, thereby forming, on the substrate, the particle layer having a thickness of D that satisfies 0.5D?Dc?D.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst composite in which brittleness and ease of coming-off of a photocatalyst layer are reduced. The photocatalyst composite includes a base material, at least the surface of which is formed of a plastic-deformable solid material; an inorganic particle layer containing inorganic particles disposed on the surface of the base material; and a photocatalyst layer containing a photocatalyst disposed on the surface of the inorganic particle layer; wherein at least one portion of voids in the inorganic particle layer is filled with the solid material, and the surface of the inorganic particle layer is coated with the solid material except for at least one portion.

Abstract: An object is to restrict the giving of points according to an object of payment for which payment was made with electronic money. An electronic money server (FIG. 11) receives transaction information in which a breakdown of the amount of payment of an electronic money card used in one payment processing is recorded and breakdown information in which a breakdown of the amount of payment for each object of payment in this payment processing is recorded. The breakdown includes a normal item into which general products are classified, a tax-free item into which tax-free articles such as a postage stamp are classified, and a collected item into which public utility rates collected by an agency payment service are classified. Among these breakdown items, points are given to the amount of payment made for a normal item, and no points are given to the others.