Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing low-frequency noise in a cooled circuit wherein low-frequency noise in a cryogenic semiconductor device is reduced by carrying out thermal cure. The semiconductor device is turned on at a first temperature, and the temperature of the semiconductor device is temporarily raised, while flowing current in the semiconductor device, to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature, and then cooling the temperature of the semiconductor device from the second temperature to a cryogenic temperature, at which the semiconductor device can operate.

Abstract: A method of evaluating free-space optical propagation characteristics includes emitting a plurality of laser beams from a corresponding plurality of laser sources, receiving laser beams at different target points, and measuring the time-based spatial fluctuations between the laser beams thus received. The respective distances from the laser sources to each target point are used to normalize the time-based spatial fluctuations. The difference between the normalized spatial positions of the laser beams at the target points is derived and used to obtain the frequency spectrum of time-based fluctuations of the spatial positions.

Abstract: A camera 1 comprises an electric circuit section including a date circuit 10b for determining a shooting date and time, a main battery 38 for supplying power to the electric circuit section, an auxiliary battery 37 for supplying power to the date circuit 10b when the power supply from the main battery 38 to the electric circuit section stops, a battery check circuit 28 for measuring a voltage of the auxiliary battery 37, a main controller 10a for determining according to thus measured voltage whether replacement of the auxiliary battery 37 is necessary or not, and an LCD 18 for displaying information for urging the auxiliary battery 37 to be replaced according to the result of determination.

Abstract: This photodetection device detects incident light with high sensitivity. The photo-detecting device is comprised of a photodetector for detecting incident light, an input J FET for reading out of the sensing signal from the photodetector, an amplifier for amplifying the signal detected by the input J FET, a feed-back circuit for feeding of the output of the amplifier back to the gate of the input J FET through a feed-back capacitor, a reset circuit for resetting the feed-back capacitor by discharging it with the aid of a reset MOS FET and a circuit of a switch and resistor. The same level voltage as the gate voltage of the input J FET is applied to its source (or drain) through a resistor, and the circuit of switch and the resistor is connected between the source (or drain) of the reset MOS FET and the feed-back capacitor. The reset MOS FET and switch are controlled so that the reset MOS FET is turned “on” and “off” while the switch S2 is “on”.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing low-frequency noise in a cooled circuit wherein low-frequency noise in a cryogenic semiconductor device is reduced by carrying out thermal cure. The semiconductor device is turned on at a first temperature, and the temperature of the semiconductor device is temporarily raised, while flowing current in the semiconductor device, to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature, and then cooling the temperature of the semiconductor device from the second temperature to a cryogenic temperature, at which the semiconductor device can operate.

Abstract: Modes of a camera are classified into groups according to their type. On an LCD panel, the different groups are displayed on different rows, and modes to be selected out of each group are displayed in different columns. Group selection is accomplished by vertically manipulating a selector button, and mode selection out of each group is accomplished by laterally manipulating the selector button. This makes possible displaying of selectable modes classified by group on the LCD panel in a way perceivable at a glance. Furthermore, the choice of a group and that of a mode within each group are matched in the mode display arrangement to facilitate the operation for mode selection.

Abstract: A camera is provided with a lens barrier for covering and uncovering an opening which is formed in a front face of the camera and is for exposing a taking lens. The lens barrier protects the taking lens when the camera is not used. The lens barrier is driven by a motor. This motor is controlled by a motor control unit relative to its rotational direction (forward and backward direction), its rotational amount and its rotational speed. As the motor, a DC motor is used. Into this DC motor, drive-pulse trains having different duty factor are inputted to control the rotational speed. Owing to this, an operation speed of the lens barrier is controlled so as to be faster when the lens barrier opens the opening, and so as to be slower when the lens barrier closes the opening.

Abstract: A camera has a bar code reader for reading a bar code from a roll film loaded therein. Bar code data read from the bar code is checked out whether it has a proper format or not. If the bar code data read from the bar code of the loaded roll film is proper, the bar code data is written in a nonvolatile memory, and the camera is set up in accordance with the bar code data. The bar code data of the nonvolatile memory is renewed each time proper bar code data is obtained. If the bar code data read from the bar code of the loaded roll film is improper, a display device displays film data represented by bar code data having been stored in the nonvolatile memory, along with an error indicia. If the displayed film data is invalid for the loaded roll film, the photographer enters film data of the loaded roll film through manual operation switches. Then, the camera is set up with the manually entered film data. If no film data is manually entered, the camera is set up in accordance with the displayed film data.

Abstract: A D/A converter performs a D/A conversion on digital light quantity indication data outputted from a CPU to generate an analog light quantity indication signal. The analog light quantity indication signal thus generated is supplied to both a power supply circuit and a light quantity control circuit comprising a photometric sensor, an integration circuit, and a comparison circuit. The light quantity control circuit outputs to a flash light emission circuit a light emission stop signal at the time point when the integrated quantity of light reaches a threshold according to the light quantity indication signal.

Abstract: In a camera wherein a lens cap is detachably attached there are provided first and second photometric sensors on a lens barrel and the camera main frame, respectively. It is detected in accordance with the photometric values by the first and second photometric sensors whether the lens cap is mounted. According to the camera, it is possible to detect with great accuracy whether the lens cap is mounted, with a standard type lens cap.