Abstract: A process for preparing pyruvate in high yield is disclosed, comprising reacting propylene glycol with molecular oxygen in an aqueous solution in the presence of a platinum catalyst containing a metallic component selected from the group consisting of lead, thallium, and cadmium while controlling the pH of the reaction mixture between 7 and 9. The crude pyruvate can be purified by treating with activated carbon in the presence of water.

Abstract: A process for the production of a water-soluble carbodiimide, which comprises(1) allowing ethyl isothiocyanate to react with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (first reaction step),(2) removing hydrogen sulfide from a thiourea derivative formed in the first reaction step upon adding a hydrogen sulfide removing agent without isolating the thiourea derivative (second reaction step), and(3) recovering a water-soluble carbodiimide from the resulting reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.-ketobutyric acid comprising contacting 1,2-butanediol with molecular oxygen in the presence of a platinum catalyst is disclosed. The process produces .alpha.-ketobutyric acid in high yield at low cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing DL-serine, which comprises synthesizing DL-serine according to Strecker reaction with use of a cyan compound, ammonium chloride, ammonia and a reaction substrate comprising glycol aldehyde, wherein the Strecker reaction is carried out under the reaction conditions of:molar ratios of the starting materials of:glycol aldehyde/cyan compound: more than 1.0 and not more than 1.50ammonium chloride/glycol aldehyde: more than 1.0 and not more than 2.0ammonium/cyan compound: 1.0 to 7.0reaction temperature: 20.degree. to 80.degree. C.reaction time: 15 to 120 minutes,and the reaction product obained in hydrolyzed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing glycol aldehyde from ethylene glycol by use of a complex system catalyst comprising copper and other inorganic component, which comprises permitting 0.001 to 0.3 mole of oxygen per one mole of ethylene glycol to be copresent in the reaction system.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas containing the nitrogen oxides and an arsenic compound, which comprises bringing said exhaust gas into contact with a reducing gas in the presence of a catalyst to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas and render them nontoxic. There are disclosed two types of catalysts: (1) a catalyst comprising (A) an oxide of titanium, (B) an oxide of at least one metal selected from tungsten and molybdenum, (C) an oxide of vanadium, and (D) an oxide and/or a sulfate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium, and (2) the above (A), (B), (C) components and (D)' at least one metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, copper, cobalt, manganese and iron, the component (D)' being deposited on zeolite.

Abstract: A catalyst for denitrizing nitrogen oxides contained in waste gas which contains a substantial amount of arsenic compounds therein, which comprises:(a) titanium, and(b) at least one element selected from the group consisting of arsenic and manganese. The catalyst is resistant to deactivation by arsenic compounds and retains high denitrizing activity over a long period of time. The catalyst may further contain at least one base metal selected from the group consisting of V, W, Mo, Cu, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn and Sn.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, which comprises reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst and separating the aimed 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane from the crude dihydroxydiphenylmethane thus obtained, is disclosed. According to this process, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane can be separated from its isomers and oligomers at a high purity and at a high yield, compared with those achieved by known methods. Thus highly useful 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane can be advantageously prepared on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-(o-aminophenyl)ethanol comprising reducing 2-(o-nitrophenyl)ethanol with hydrogen in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst is described, in which said reducing is carried out in the presence of a small amount of an alkali compound. The Raney nickel catalyst exhibits improved activity to achieve an increased reaction rate.

Abstract: A process for preparing p-cumylphenol which comprises reacting phenol and .alpha.-methylstyrene in the presence of an inorganic solid acid catalyst having an acid point of an acid strength Ho of up to -3, for example, activated clay and recovering the aimed p-cumylphenol from the reaction mixture thus obtained by distilling the same while introducing an inert gas such as nitrogen and/or steam into the distillation system is disclosed. The p-cumylphenol thus obtained has a high purity and an improved color compared with those obtained by conventional methods.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas, said catalyst containing a first group of many pores having a diameter of 1.times.10.sup.2 .ANG. to less than 1.times.10.sup.3 .ANG. and a second group of many pores having a diameter of 1.times.10.sup.3 .ANG. to 1.2.times.10.sup.5 .ANG., the pore volume of the first group being at least 10% based on the total pore volume of the first group and the second group, and said catalyst comprising titanium and at least one metal selected from molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium as metal elements of catalytically active ingredients.

Abstract: Here is provided an adsorbent for adsorbing and removing an arsenic compound which becomes a catalyst poison in a selective contact reduction process for removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) from a combustion exhaust gas by the use of an ammonia as a reducing agent and a denitrating catalyst.The adsorbent of the present invention comprises a material in which the total volume of pores is 0.2 to 0.7 cc/g and the volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 300 .ANG. or more is 10% or more with respect to the total pore volume, and the material is a specific element, its oxide, an ion-exchanged zeolite or the like.In addition, the present invention is directed to a method for removing the arsenic compound from the combustion exhaust gas by injecting the adsorbent into the flow of the gas on the upstream side of the denitrating catalyst.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas containing the nitrogen oxides and an arsenic compound, which comprises bringing said exhaust gas into contact with a reducing gas in the presence of a catalyst to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas and render them nontoxic. There are disclosed two types of catalysts: (1) a catalyst comprising (A) an oxide of titanium, (B) an oxide of at least one metal selected from tungsten and molybdenum, (C) an oxide of vanadium, and (D) an oxide and/or a sulfate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium, and (2) the above (A), (B), (C) components and (D)' at least one metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, copper, cobalt, manganese and iron, the component (D)' being deposited on zeolite.

Abstract: A denitration catalyst comprising an oxide of titanium, an oxide of tungsten and an oxide of vanadium as catalytically active ingredients and having a specific surface area, measured by the BET method, of 80 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a pore volume, measured by the mercury penetration method, of 0.1 to 0.5 cc/g.

Abstract: A process for producing an indole by catalytic reaction of a 2-(o-aminoaryl)ethanol, said reaction being carried out by heating in a liquid phase in the presence of an alkali metal using a catalyst containing a metal selected from the group consisting of a platinum-group metal, nickel and copper.The process is industrially advantageous in that indoles are produced in high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing indoles in high yield by reacting anilines and 1,2-glycols in a liquid phase in the presence of a cadmium bromide or iodide/potassium bromide or iodide catalyst. The used catalyst can be easily recovered and when reused, exhibits excellent performance.

Abstract: A process for producing tert-amylphenols is described, comprising reacting isoamylene with phenols in the presence of an inorganic solid acid catalyst or an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst. This process permits efficient production of tert-amylphenols, i.e., 2,4-di-tert-amylphenol and p-tert-amylphenol. These tert-amylphenols are useful as starting materials for preparation of color formers for color photography, additives for resins, oil-soluble dyes, additives for lubricating oils, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyls is disclosed, which comprises dimerizing alkylphenols in an aqueous solution of pH 7 to 12 containing a surfactant in the presence of an oxidizing agent, wherein the dimerization is conducted in the presence of a copper compound and a basic boron compound or a mixture of a basic substance and a boron compound. According to this process, the desired 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyls can be easily obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A denitration catalyst comprising at least three metal components, (A) titanium, (B) tungsten and/or magnesium, and (C) vanadium, the titanium and tungsten being contained as oxides and the magnesium and vanadium being contained in the form of an oxide or a sulfate or both, said catalyst being composed of a porous molded article of a mixture of an oxide of component A and an oxide and/or a sulfate of component B, the atomic ratio of component B to component A being from 0.01 to 1, and a vanadium compound localized in that area of said molded article which extends from its outermost surface to a depth of 500 microns or less, the content of the vanadium compound in said area being 0.1 to 15% by weight; and a method for removing nitrogen oxides from a waste gas, which comprises contacting a waste gas containing nitrogen oxides, together with ammonia and molecular oxygen, at a temperature of 150.degree. to 650.degree. C., with the aforesaid catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of styrene comprising 40-87.5 % by weight of iron oxide as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 11-50% by weight of cerium oxide as Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 1.5-40% by weight of potassium oxide as K.sub.2 O. By use of the catalyst, styrene can be produced at high conversions and high selectivies under reaction conditions wherein the amount of steam used as a source of heat is reduced.