Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light-emitting device includes a light source section including a plurality of series circuits, in each of which a plurality of light-emitting elements are connected in series, the plurality of series circuits being connected in parallel, and a substrate on which the light-emitting elements of the light source section are mounted. The light-emitting elements of the series circuits different from one another are mounted adjacent to one another.

Abstract: A lighting system according to an embodiment includes a light source unit and a control circuit. The light source unit includes first, second, and third light sources. The control circuit controls an optical output of the light source unit with a predetermined color temperature by controlling the respective optical outputs of the first, second, and third light sources, and sets the optical output of the light source unit when any one of the first, second, and third light sources becomes the minimum optical output to the minimum optical output at the time of reducing the optical output of the light source unit in a state where the optical output of the light source unit maintains the predetermined color temperature.

Abstract: A lighting system according to embodiments includes a first light source, a second light source, a first lighting circuit, a second lighting circuit, a first optical sensor; and a control circuit. The first light source is configured to emit light a half-value width of which is 100 nm or more. The second light source is configured to emit light the half-value width of which is less than 100 nm. The first lighting circuit is configured to light the first light source. The second lighting circuit is configured to light the second light source. The control circuit is configured to perform a lighting control of the first lighting circuit on the basis of a detection value of the first sensor, and perform a lighting control of the second lighting circuit on the basis of a value which is predetermined when operating the first sensor.

Abstract: A lighting system according to embodiments includes a first light source, a second light source, a first lighting circuit, a second lighting circuit, a signal input unit, and a control circuit. The first light source has a predetermined color temperature. The second light source has a color temperature which is different from that of the first light source. The first lighting circuit lights the first light source. The second lighting circuit lights the second light source. The signal input unit receives an external signal. The control circuit includes a first light source lighting control cycle which performs a predetermined lighting control of the first light source, and a second light source lighting control cycle which performs a predetermined lighting control of the second light source, controls the first and second lighting circuits so as to start the lighting control.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a light guide having an incidence surface, a frame which is spaced apart from the incidence surface of the light guide, an accommodation section which is formed between the incidence surface of the light guide and the frame, and a light source unit including light-emitting diodes, a film substrate on which the light-emitting diodes are amounted, a heat radiation member having a support portion which supports the film substrate and a reflection portion which extends from the support portion, and an adhesive tape which adheres the film substrate to the support portion and has heat radiation properties, the light source unit being accommodated in the accommodation section.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a light guide having an incidence surface, a frame which is spaced apart from the incidence surface of the light guide, an accommodation section which is formed between the incidence surface of the light guide and the frame, and a light source unit including light-emitting diodes, a film substrate on which the light-emitting diodes are amounted, a heat radiation member having a support portion which supports the film substrate and a reflection portion which extends from the support portion, and an adhesive tape which adheres the film substrate to the support portion and has heat radiation properties, the light source unit being accommodated in the accommodation section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: A method for treating an aligning film for a liquid crystal display element and a method for preparing a liquid crystal display element are proposed.The said treating method comprises rubbing a specified aligning film formed on a transparent substrate with a transparent electrode and thereafter radiating soft X-ray for 2 seconds or more in gas. The said preparing method comprises arranging a transparent electrode on a pair of transparent substrates, forming an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound on the said transparent electrode, treating the said aligning film by a rubbing treatment, assembling the substrates face to face each other via a spacer, and then sealing a liquid crystal material.By a method for treating an aligning film according to the invention, it is possible to lower display unevenness of a liquid crystal display element and to improve an yield of product.

Abstract: A method for treating an aligning film for a liquid crystal display element wherein an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound formed on a transparent substrate with a transarent electrode is subjected to a robbing treatment and thereafter said aligning film is irradiated with soft X-rays in a gas.A method for preparing a liquid crystal display element comprising the steps of arranging a transparent electrode on a pair of transparent substrates, forming an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound on the said transparent electrode, treating said aligning film by a rubbing treatment, assembling the substrates to face each other with a spacer disposed therebetween, and then applying and sealing to a substrate a liquid crystal material wherein the aligning film is subjected to a robbing treatment and thereafter said aligning film is irradiated with soft X-rays in gas.

Abstract: A novel component of a catalyst for polymerization of olefins, which is highly active, exhibits high stereoregularity and also provides polymers of very uniform particle sizes. The catalyst component is a contact product of the following component A and component B:Component AA solid product obtained by mixing a solution of the following components (1) and (2) and 0.05 to 5 moles of a titanium tetrachloride precipitant per mol of the component (1) in the copresence of the following component (3), thereby to produce a solid product and then washing the solid product to remove a soluble titanium component; (1) a magnesium compound represented by the formula Mg(OR.sup.1).sub.2-n X.sub.n, wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which is an alkyl, an aryl, an aralkyl or a cycloalkyl, or a halo-derivative thereof, X is a halogen, and n is a number satisfying 0<n.ltoreq.2; (2) a titanium compound represented by the formula Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4 or a polymer thereof, wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A reel disc device is used in a recording and/or reproducing apparatus having means including a capstan and a pinch roller for driving a tape to travel selectively in a normal direction and a reverse direction and drive means for rotatingly driving the reel disc device.