Abstract: A sheet type discrimination device includes: a first light source unit that irradiates a sheet with light having a first wavelength and light having a second wavelength; a detection unit that detects light from the sheet and acquires a detection value based on the light; and a control unit that derives a determination result of a type of the sheet, wherein the first light source unit and the detection unit are located on a same side with respect to the sheet, the detection value includes: a first detection value; and a second detection value, and the control unit discriminates first-type recycled paper by first processing using the first detection value, and discriminates second-type recycled paper different from the first-type recycled paper by second processing using the second detection value.

Abstract: An ink includes a boron-doped nanodiamond having a specific surface area of 110 m2/g or greater, and electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10?3 S/cm or greater.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode-forming material for an electrochemical capacitor useful for forming an electrode of an electrochemical capacitor having a high storage capacity and a high energy density. The electrode-forming material for an electrochemical capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes boron-doped nanodiamond (A) having a specific surface area of 110 m2/g or greater and an electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10?3 S/cm or greater; and a metal oxide (B), and the content of the (B) is from 20 to 95 mass % with respect to the total content of the (A) and (B).

Abstract: Provided is an electrode-forming material for an electrochemical capacitor useful for forming an electrode of an electrochemical capacitor having a high storage capacity and a high energy density. The electrode-forming material for an electrochemical capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes boron-doped nanodiamond (A) having a specific surface area of 110 m2/g or greater and an electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10?3 S/cm or greater; and a metal oxide (B), and the content of the (B) is from 20 to 95 mass % with respect to the total content of the (A) and (B).

Abstract: An ink includes a boron-doped nanodiamond having a specific surface area of 110 m2/g or greater, and electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10?3 S/cm or greater.

Abstract: Provided are a boron-doped nanodiamond having a large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity, an electrode containing the boron-doped nanodiamond, and a sensor or an electricity storage device provided with the electrode. The boron-doped nanodiamond of the present invention has a specific surface area of 110 m2/g or greater and electrical conductivity at 20° C. of 5.0×10?3 S/cm or greater. The boron-doped nanodiamond preferably has a median diameter of 200 nm or smaller. Additionally, the electrode of the present invention contains the boron-doped nanodiamond.

Abstract: Provided are conductive diamond particles including: particulate bases; and boron-doped diamond films on at least part of surfaces of the particulate bases, wherein an average particle diameter of the conductive diamond particles is greater than 0.5 micrometers, and wherein in Raman spectrum measurement of the conductive diamond particles at an excitation wavelength of 532 micrometers, a ratio of an intensity of the conductive diamond particles at 1,580 cm?1 to an intensity of the conductive diamond particles at 1,332 cm?1 is less than 0.090.

Abstract: In order to suppress engine stall and rotation fluctuation after an engine is started in an internal combustion engine capable of using an alcohol-containing fuel, a PCM (50) performs a correction operation of increasing a fuel injection quantity from an initial fuel injection quantity after the engine is started to a fuel injection quantity set when an alcohol concentration of a fuel is regarded as a maximum value or a value close to the maximum value within a predetermined range when a variation of an engine speed is greater than or equal to a threshold during an idle operation after the engine is started, and performs a correction operation of decreasing the increased fuel injection quantity until the variation of the engine speed becomes less than the threshold when the variation is greater than or equal to the threshold after the fuel injection quantity is corrected to increase.

Abstract: An electrode for superoxide anions characterized by comprising a conductive component and, superimposed on a surface thereof, a film resulting from electrolytic polymerization of a metal thiofurylporphyrin/axial ligand complex; and a sensor for measuring a superoxide anion concentration including the same. The electrode for superoxide anions, by virtue of not only the excellent performance of electrode provided with the metal porphyrin complex polymer film, but also the presence of the axial ligand, can prevent poisoning by a catalyst poison such as hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, in any of in vitro or in vivo environments, this electrode for superoxide anions enables detection of superoxide anion radicals without suffering any influence from a catalyst poison such as hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, quantitative assay of superoxide anions can be performed by the use of this electrode for superoxide anion in combination with a counter electrode or a reference electrode.

Abstract: An electrode for active oxygen species comprising a conductive component with a polymer membrane of a metal porphyrin complex formed on the surface is disclosed. The electrode for active oxygen species can detect active oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and .OH and other active radical species (NO, ONOO—, etc.) in any environment including in vivo environment as well as in vitro environment. The electrode thus can be used for specifying various diseases and examining active oxygen species in food or in water such as tap water and sewage water.

Abstract: A disease treatment drug having high pharmacological effects and no side effects is provided, the disease treatment drug being capable of intensively delivering an iron or manganese porphyrin complex capable of removing active oxygen to abnormal tissue within a living body, and effectively removing the active oxygen within the abnormal tissue. The disease treatment drug contains an iron or manganese porphyrin complex nanocapsule housing an iron or manganese porphyrin complex within a nanosized capsule. In the disease treatment drug, disease of abnormal tissue having a high concentration of active oxygen can be treated by the iron or manganese porphyrin complex delivered into the abnormal tissue as a result of the nanocapsule, without affecting normal tissue having a low concentration of active oxygen, and side effects can be suppressed.

Abstract: A reactive oxygen species measuring device according to the present invention comprises a reactive oxygen species sensor provided with an electrode assembly capable of detecting the presence of reactive oxygen species or the like in terms of an electric current, a power source means for applying a measuring voltage to the reactive oxygen species sensor, and a reactive oxygen species concentration measuring means for measuring a concentration of the reactive oxygen species or the like from the current detected by the reactive oxygen species sensor. According to the present invention, a concentration of reactive oxygen species or the like such as in vivo or in vitro superoxide anion radical (O2?.) can be measured reliably, and the entire device can be formed in a smaller size and always mounted to a living body.

Abstract: An electrode for superoxide anions which contains a conductive component and, superimposed on a surface thereof, a film resulting from electrolytic polymerization of a metal thiofurylporphyrin/axial ligand complex; and a sensor for measuring a superoxide anion concentration including the same. The electrode for superoxide anions can prevent poisoning by a catalyst poison such as hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, in any of in vitro or in vivo environments, this electrode for superoxide anions enables detection of superoxide anion radicals without suffering any influence from a catalyst poison such as hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, quantitative assay of superoxide anions can be performed with this electrode for superoxide anion in combination with a counter electrode or a reference electrode. Thus, this electrode for superoxide anions can find wide applicability in various fields.

Abstract: A niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein comprising a cationized metalloporphyrin complex and a niosome-forming substance. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein has an SOD activity, can interact with superoxide anionic radicals (O2?.) as a target, and can reduce these radicals without fail. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can reach cells in living bodies such as cancer cells due to properties of a niosome. Therefore, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can exhibit an excellent effect of treating cancer by reducing O2?. in cancer cells. In addition, since the effect is selective, the niosome can be used as a novel anticancer agent without side effects. Moreover, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can be retained in the blood while exhibiting a superior antioxidation effect. The niosome can thus protect living bodies from hindrance brought about by active oxygen species.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst material comprising a conductive material coated with a polynuclear complex molecule derived from at least two types of heteromonocyclic compounds and a catalyst metal coordinated to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecule, and a catalyst material comprising a conductive material coated with a polynuclear complex molecule derived from a heteromonocyclic compound and a catalyst metal, which is a composite of a noble metal and a transition metal, coordinated to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecule. Such catalyst material of the invention has excellent catalytic performance and serviceability as, for example, an electrode of fuel cells.

Abstract: An electrode for active oxygen species comprising a conductive component with a polymer membrane of a metal porphyrin complex formed on the surface is disclosed. The electrode for active oxygen species can detect active oxygen species such as superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and .OH and other active radical species (NO, ONOO—, etc.) in any environment including in vivo environment as well as in vitro environment. The electrode thus can be used for specifying various diseases and examining active oxygen species in food or in water such as tap water and sewage water.

Abstract: The device for diagnosing tissue injury of the invention has a catheter insertable into the body and a radical sensor provided in the catheter, and is characterized in that the radical sensor has a sensor electrode capable of measuring superoxide anion radicals provided at a tip end of the catheter, a lead wire connector for a sensor provided at a basal portion of the catheter, and a lead wire for a sensor for connecting the sensor electrode portion to the lead wire connector for a sensor. With the device, in vivo free radicals typified by superoxide anions in systemic organ or tissue injury caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, severe infection or sepsis can be promptly and quantitatively monitored, and whether the in vivo tissue conditions are good or not can be accurately diagnosed.

Abstract: A catalyst material that bears active species densely, thereby having higher catalytic performance and serviceability, for example, as an electrode for fuel cells. A catalyst material, wherein a conductive material whose surface physically adsorbs a polymerizable ligand having an electrochemically polymerizable heterocycle and an electron-withdrawing group bonded to the heterocycle or is coated with polynuclear complex molecules formed by electrochemical polymerization of the polymerizable ligand having an electrochemically polymerizable heterocycle and an electron-withdrawing group bonded to the heterocycle. A catalytic metal is coordinated to the adsorption layer of the polymerizable ligand having an electrochemically polymerizable heterocycle and an electron-withdrawing group bonded to the heterocycle, or to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecules.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a catalyst material that supports active species densely, thereby having higher catalytic performance and serviceability as, for example, an electrode for fuel cells. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a process for preparing a catalyst material, including: an electrochemical polymerization step of electrochemically polymerizing a heteromonocyclic compound so that the surface of a conductive material is coated with polynuclear complex molecules derived from the heteromonocyclic compound; and a metallation step of coordinating a catalytic metal to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecules, characterized in that the potential applied in the electrochemical polymerization is 0.8 to 1.5 V.

Abstract: This invention provides a macrocyclic-organic-compound-based catalyst for reducing oxygen having high oxygen-reducing activity. This oxygen-reducing catalyst comprises a conductive support and, supported thereon, a porphyrin complex represented by formula (I): wherein Rs each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, or a cyano group or adjacent Rs together form a methylene chain having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or aromatic ring; R's each independently represent a thienyl group; and M represents a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pb, Rh, Pd, Pt, Mn, Sn, Au, Mg, Cd, Al, In, Ge, Cr, and Ti, provided that M may bind to a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, —OH, a nitrogen atom, NO, or ?CO.