Abstract: Described herein are recombinant yeast cells expressing a xylulose kinase (XK) which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells with higher tolerance to formic and/or acetic acid and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing an enolase, a phosphofructokinase beta subunit, a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, a phosphoglycerate mutase and/or a triose-phosphate isomerase, and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing a a phosphoglucomutase and/or phosphoribomutase which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Further described are are methods of using or producing such recombinant yeast cells and related materials.

Abstract: Described herein are recombinant yeast cells expressing a xylulose kinase (XK) which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells with higher tolerance to formic and/or acetic acid and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing an enolase, a phosphofructokinase beta subunit, a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, a phosphoglycerate mutase and/or a triose-phosphate isomerase, and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing a phosphoglucomutase and/or phosphoribomutase which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Further described are methods of using or producing such recombinant yeast cells and related materials.

Abstract: Described herein are recombinant yeast cells expressing a xylulose kinase (XK) which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells with higher tolerance to formic and/or acetic acid and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing an enolase, a phosphofructokinase beta subunit, a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, a phosphoglycerate mutase and/or a triose-phosphate isomerase, and suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Also described are recombinant yeast cells expressing a phosphoglucomutase and/or phosphoribomutase which are suitable for fermentation of pentoses. Further described are methods of using or producing such recombinant yeast cells and related materials.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4 -hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4-hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4-hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.

Abstract: A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4-hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio Kcat(PAL)/Kcat(C4H) is at least 2:1.