Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid-type construction machine equipped with a swing hydraulic motor 27 and a swing electric motor 25 in combination to save energy, the construction machine ensuring high operability of a swing body 20 and providing high energy efficiency. In accordance with the amount of manipulation of a swing control lever 72, the construction machine changes a rate of a torque of the swing electric motor 25 with respect to that of the swing hydraulic motor 27. The construction machine also controls a relief pressure and the torque of the swing electric motor 25 in accordance with the amount of manipulation of a swing control lever 72, a pressure of the swing hydraulic motor 27, and a rotating speed of the swing electric motor 25.

Abstract: A hybrid construction machine has an electric motor for driving the swing structure, and the electric motor is prevented from becoming incapable of generating torque due to a low energy state or an overcharged state of an electricity storage device. A swing-mode selector switch 77 which is manually operated switches between a hydraulic/electric combined swing mode for driving the swing structure by driving both the electric motor and a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic solo swing mode for driving the swing structure by driving only the hydraulic motor. For a normal operation, the swing mode is initially set in the hydraulic/electric combined swing mode. For a specific operation, the operator switches the swing-mode selector switch from a hydraulic/electric combined swing position to a hydraulic solo swing position.

Abstract: In hybrid construction machine employing a hydraulic motor and an electric motor for the driving of the swing structure, satisfactory operability of a combined operation of the swing structure and other actuators is secured irrespective of the operating status of the electric motor. A control device of the hybrid construction machine executes control selected from: hydraulic/electric complex swing control for driving the swing structure by total torque of the electric motor and the hydraulic motor when a swing operating lever device is operated; and hydraulic solo swing control for driving the swing structure by the torque of the hydraulic motor alone when the swing operating lever device is operated.

Abstract: A hybrid construction machine drives the upper swing structure using a hydraulic motor and an electric motor together and is capable of regenerating the energy of the upper swing structure in deceleration or stopping into electric power and using the regenerated electric power for assisting the hydraulic motor for driving the upper swing structure. The opening area characteristics of a meter-out restrictor and a bleed-off restrictor of a swing directional control valve are set to become larger than for construction machines driving the upper swing structure with the hydraulic motor alone. Torque of the electric motor is controlled so that the total sum of the actual torque occurring in the hydraulic and electric motors in deceleration or acceleration of the hydraulic motor equals the torque occurring when the opening area of the meter-out restrictor or the bleed-off restrictor is set at the prescribed opening area.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope is provided for scanning a sample surface with a probe formed on a cantilever and detecting an interaction acting between the probe and the sample surface to measure a physical property including a surface shape of the sample. The microscope includes an arrangement for detecting torsion of the cantilever and for correcting a profile error caused by deflection of the probe and torsion of the cantilever based on the amount of torsion which is detected.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: A hybrid-type construction machine is provided which permits swing operation without a sense of awkwardness compared with conventional construction machines and which allows the amount of stored electricity in an electrical storage device to be controlled within an appropriate range of use in consideration of the service life of the electrical storage device without enlarging its capacity. The hybrid-type construction machine includes an electric motor and a hydraulic motor for driving a swing structure, an electrical storage device, and a controller for controlling charging and discharging of the electrical storage device.

Abstract: In hybrid construction machine employing a hydraulic motor and an electric motor for the driving of the swing structure, satisfactory operability of a combined operation of the swing structure and other actuators is secured irrespective of the operating status of the electric motor. A control device of the hybrid construction machine executes control selected from: hydraulic/electric complex swing control for driving the swing structure by total torque of the electric motor and the hydraulic motor when a swing operating lever device is operated; and hydraulic solo swing control for driving the swing structure by the torque of the hydraulic motor alone when the swing operating lever device is operated.

Abstract: A work machine includes a swing hydraulic motor and a swing electric motor for driving an upper swing structure. A capacitor supplies electricity to the swing electric motor and an operating device outputs through one operation, an operating signal for concurrently operating the swing hydraulic motor and the swing electric motor. A main controller switches between a hydraulic-alone drive mode and an electric-alone drive mode, the hydraulic-alone drive mode being a mode to drive only the swing hydraulic motor selected from the swing hydraulic motor and the swing electric motor when the operating device is operated, the electric-alone drive mode being a mode to drive only the swing electric motor selected from the swing hydraulic motor and the swing electric motor when the operating is operated. Therefore, the actuator that malfunctions can easily be specified among the plurality of mounted actuators.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine that is capable of effectively charging electrical power into the capacitor in consideration of the drive of a swing section and hydraulic work device. To achieve the object, the present invention grasps the status of the construction machine (2) in advance to calculate energy, predicts the next operation, determines the amount of energy to be charged into a capacitor (13), and controls a DC-DC converter (15) accordingly. Consequently, the loss in a conventional battery (lead storage battery) during regeneration can be reduced to provide increased efficiency.

Abstract: Construction machine capable of incorporating an engine and using an external power source. The construction machine includes an electrical storage device performing a charge with the external power source, uses the electrical storage device to provide assist when the power of the engine is insufficient, uses an electrical charge in the electrical storage device systematically in accordance with work time, and efficiently uses the electrical storage device by controlling its discharge amount in accordance with load status. The construction machine includes the engine, accessory loads connected to the engine, an assist electric motor driven by the engine, electrical power converters for converting an AC current, which is the output current of the assist electric motor, to a DC current, and the electrical storage device connected to the DC side of each electrical power converter. The electrical storage device becomes charged through a charging device from the external power source.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid construction machine that includes a control device and an auxiliary control device. The control device switches between a hydraulic/electric complex swing mode in which both the electric motor and the hydraulic motor are driven to drive the swing structure by using the sum of the torque of the electric motor and the torque of the hydraulic motor; and a hydraulic-only swing mode in which only the hydraulic motor is driven to drive the swing structure by using only the torque of the hydraulic motor. The auxiliary control device includes a monitoring controller that is connected to the control device and to the electric motor to monitor the temperature or electrical leakage in the electric motor as a substitute controller for the power control unit or the electrical storage device when the power control unit or the electrical storage device is removed due to a fault.

Abstract: An electric operating system for a construction machine includes a first insulation resistance degradation detection device including a first voltage waveform generation device and a first detection section. The first detection section is connected to an electrical storage device and to the first voltage waveform generation device with respect to a relay and is adapted to detect degradation in the insulation resistance of the electrical storage device by measuring waveform changes input from the first voltage waveform generation device. A second insulation resistance degradation detection device includes a second voltage waveform generation device and a second detection section connected to a drive system and to the second voltage waveform generation device with respect to the relay, and is adapted to detect degradation in the insulation resistance of the drive system by measuring waveform changes input from the second voltage waveform generation device.

Abstract: A hybrid-type construction machine is provided which permits swing operation without a sense of awkwardness compared with conventional construction machines and which allows the amount of stored electricity in an electrical storage device to be controlled within an appropriate range of use in consideration of the service life of the electrical storage device without enlarging its capacity. The hybrid-type construction machine includes an electric motor and a hydraulic motor for driving a swing structure, an electrical storage device, and a controller for controlling charging and discharging of the electrical storage device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid construction machine that includes a control device and an auxiliary control device. The control device switches between a hydraulic/electric complex swing mode in which both the electric motor and the hydraulic motor are driven to drive the swing structure by using the sum of the torque of the electric motor and the torque of the hydraulic motor; and a hydraulic-only swing mode in which only the hydraulic motor is driven to drive the swing structure by using only the torque of the hydraulic motor. The auxiliary control device includes a monitoring controller that is connected to the control device and to the electric motor to monitor the temperature or electrical leakage in the electric motor as a substitute controller for the power control unit or the electrical storage device when the power control unit or the electrical storage device is removed due to a fault.

Abstract: To provide a hybrid type construction machine in which work can be kept on even if the amount of electricity stored in an electric storage device is out of an appropriate value. Both a hydraulic motor 27 and an electric motor 25 are provided for driving an upper swing structure 20. When the amount of electricity stored in a capacitor 24 is appropriate, the upper swing structure 20 is driven by both the hydraulic motor 27 and the electric motor 25. When the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor 24 exceeds an appropriate value, the mode is changed over to a mode in which the upper swing structure 20 is driven only by the hydraulic motor 27, and an assist electric generation motor 23 is assist-driven or engine-driven to thereby rapidly return the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor 24 to an appropriate range. The capacity of the capacitor 24 can be reduced, and the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor can be managed without losing the operability of swing motion.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid construction machine capable of letting the operator immediately stop the swing structure by performing a stopping operation for ordinary construction machines even when the swing structure moves differently from the operator's will for some reason. The hybrid construction machine comprises: an inverter controller which outputs a PWM signal to an inverter and thereby controls the revolution speed of an electric motor; a first electric circuit including blocking means which blocks the PWM signal outputted from the inverter controller to the inverter in response to either an immobilization selection inputted through a gate lock lever switch or an OFF selection inputted through an ignition switch; and a second electric circuit including a swing brake solenoid valve which activates a swing brake in response to either the immobilization selection inputted through the gate lock lever switch or the OFF selection inputted through the ignition switch.

Abstract: In the case of measuring a pattern having a steep side wall, a probe adheres to the side wall by the van der Waals forces acting between the probe and the side wall when approaching the pattern side wall, and an error occurs in a measured profile of the side wall portion. When a pattern having a groove width almost equal to a probe diameter is measured, the probe adheres to both side walls, the probe cannot reach the groove bottom, and the groove depth cannot be measured. When the probe adheres to a pattern side wall in measurements of a microscopic high-aspect ratio pattern using an elongated probe, the probe is caused to reach the side wall bottom by detecting the adhesion of the probe to the pattern side wall, and temporarily increasing a contact force between the probe and the sample. Also, by obtaining the data of the amount of torsion of a cantilever with the shape data of the pattern, a profile error of the side wall portion by the adhesion is corrected by the obtained data of the amount of torsion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid-type construction machine equipped with a swing hydraulic motor 27 and a swing electric motor 25 in combination to save energy, the construction machine ensuring high operability of a swing body 20 and providing high energy efficiency. In accordance with the amount of manipulation of a swing control lever 72, the construction machine changes a rate of a torque of the swing electric motor 25 with respect to that of the swing hydraulic motor 27. The construction machine also controls a relief pressure and the torque of the swing electric motor 25 in accordance with the amount of manipulation of a swing control lever 72, a pressure of the swing hydraulic motor 27, and a rotating speed of the swing electric motor 25.

Abstract: In a hybrid construction machine, there is provided a drive control device which realizes in, as a simple a structure as possible, control means of a motor generator, which is capable of preventing rapid decreases in the state of charge. The control means, which calculates a motor torque command value to be output to the motor generator, is characterized by calculating the motor torque command value, based on a difference between an actual state-of-charge and a prescribed target state-of-charge and a torque margin obtained by a difference between a maximum torque of an engine determined based on an actual rotational speed of the engine and an actual torque of the engine.